A multi-layer low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy for wireless sensor network

Load balancing and energy conservation techniques are one of the important constraints in the design of in wireless sensor network (WSN). Usually, clustering technique helps the network in the minimum utilization of energy that results in enhancing network lifetime. Moreover, various nodes in the multihop network that are near to the base station drain their battery very quickly thus result in creating hot spot problem in a network. To overcome such constraints, this paper proposes a multi-layer clustering architecture for selection of forwarding node, rotation of cluster head, and inter and intra-cluster routing communication. The proposed scheme efficiently tackle the rotation of forwarder node by incorporating routing table (table list) at each node. Moreover, the rotation is performed by the consideration of two threshold levels of the residual energy of a node. Also, the exploitation of decision maker node, forwarder node, backup forwarder node, and non-forwarder node enhancing the routing strategy in a network. The performance of the proposed scheme is tested and evaluated by C programming language. The results show that the proposed scheme successful achieve better results than TLPER and EADUC in energy consumption per node, end-to-end communication, hop count in cluster formation.