Activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and the decreased ratio of Bcl-2 to bax are associated with the auto-oxidized dopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells

Current concepts of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease center on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dopamine is one of the major sources of ROS. In this study, the molecular events during the dopamine- induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells were studied using auto-oxidized dopamine. Auto-oxidized-dopamine induced DNA fragmentation and activation of c-jun N- terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) faster and stronger than dopamine. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, prevented the auto-oxidized dopamine-induced JNK/SAPK activation and DNA fragmentation. Meanwhile, Bcl-2 started to decrease after onset of apoptosis, and Bax was increased up to beginning of apoptosis, and thereafter decreased. Therefore, these results suggested that activation of JNK/SAPK and the decreased ratio of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 to proapoptotic Bax appear to be associated with the dopamine-induced apoptosis.