Aftermath of nanomaterials on lipid profile of microalgae as a radical fuel supplement – A review

Traditional fossil fuels used today have innumerable adverse effects on man and environment. Fuel derived microalgae is reported to be quite a healthier and eco-friendly alternative, as it contains lesser sulphur contents. This current review focuses on the application of nanoparticles in conjugation with microalgae for fuel quality production based on their effect on algal biomass and lipid profile. Processing of the microalgae leads to fuel generation of different viability and precision. Cultivation mode used, harvesting technique utilized and extraction procedure followed will determine the fuel quality and cost associated with it. Nanoparticles can complement any nutritional deficiencies pertaining to growing microalgae in wastewater or ponds. They can stimulate rapid absorption of nutrients and lipid accumulation with antibacterial properties. Aluminium nanoparticles have been reported to enhance the growth in Chlorella sp. by 19 % in a span of 4 days. Lower concentrations seem to favour the growth and biomass quality in microalgae. Iron nanoparticles incorporated in nanofibers of polymer are reported to have higher capture of gas molecules as well as an increase in biomass (794 mg/L) in Chlorella fusca. However, the limit of nanoparticles administration varies from species to species. Iron and zinc nanoparticles have been administered in maximum dosages up to 1000 mg/L till date. The current review highlights the possible application of nanomaterials on microalgal growth and their effect on lipid accumulation, which determines the quality of fuel generated by these strains.