Anti-oxidative, health functional, and beauty food activities of extract from newly bred ruby s apple (Malus pumila mill.) peel

In this study, the anti-oxidative, health functional, and beauty food activities of water and ethanol extracts from newly bred Ruby S apple (Malus pumila Mill.) peel. Peel of newly bred Ruby S apple was extracted using water and ethanol for extracting solvent. Water and ethanol extracts showed relatively high phenolic contents of 5.29 mg/g and 8.76 mg/g, respectively. Each water and ethanol extracts of Ruby S apple peel showed antioxidant protection factor values of 1.87 and 1.77 PF, respectively, and TBARS showed anti-oxidative effects of 80.17% and 38.76% at a phenolic concentration of 100 μg/mL. Therefore, extract of Ruby S apple peel can be considered as an anti-oxidative and anti-aging agent. The anti-inflammatory effect (hyaluronidase inhibition) of extract of Ruby S apple peel was 5.61% in water extract and 31.87% in ethanol extract both at a phenolic concentration of 200 μg/mL. Activity of xanthine oxidase, which causes gout, was inhibited by 28.66% by ethanol extract at 100 μg/mL, which was higher than other species used as a control, whereas there was no effect using water extract. Both water and ethanol extracts showed low α-amylase inhibitory effects, whereas α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were 94.93% and 100.00% at a phenolic concentration of 200 μg/mL, respectively. To measure whitening effect, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured, and only ethanol extract showed an inhibitory effect (17.50%). For anti-wrinkle effect, water extract showed 6.70% and 69.85% elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities, respectively, while ethanol extract showed 41.95% and 80.73% activities. These results show the high potential of Ruby S apple peel extracts as a cosmetic resource. Ruby S apple peel was identified to have various functions, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, gout preventative, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-diabetic effects, which confirms that Ruby S apple peel is an outstanding species compared to other species. Therefore, Ruby S apple peel is a quality source of new functional cosmetics and can be viewed as a functional foods.