Anti‐Allergic Effects of Fermented Red Ginseng Marc on 2,4‐Dinitrochlorobenzene‐Induced Atopic Dermatitis‐like Mice Model

Yeun Soo Jung, Jae Young Choi, Young Sam Kwon, Gyu Ryeul Park, Vinaykumar Dachuri, Young Woo Kim, Sae Kwang Ku, Chang Hyun Song

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and allergic skin disease; however, there is no cure for the disease. Red ginseng is well known to have anti‐AD potential, while red ginseng marc (RGM) remaining after ginseng extraction is regarded as useless and discarded. However, it has recently been reported that RGM, particularly fermented RGM (fRGM), still contains bioactive properties. Thus, the anti‐allergic effects of fRGM were examined in a 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene‐induced ADlike mice model. The model was topically treated with distilled water (control), dexamethasone, or fRGM for six weeks. Treatments of fRGM alleviated skin lesions and reduced serum IgE levels, compared with the control. The fRGM also reduced skin levels of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion; however, it increased glutathione contents, with downregulated gene expression for inflammatory mediators. Histopathological analyses demonstrated that fRGM suppressed epidermal thickening, collagen deposition, and inflammatory cell and mast cell infiltration, which involved anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐apoptotic effects. Further, fRGM suppressed hypertrophic changes and inflammatory responses in the spleen and lymph nodes. The beneficial effects were observed in the dexamethasone and fRGM groups; however, the antioxidant effects were evident only in the fRGM treatments. These results provide useful information for developing fRGM as a therapeutic source for AD.

Original languageEnglish
Article number3278
JournalApplied Sciences (Switzerland)
Volume12
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Apr 2022

Keywords

  • AD
  • allergy
  • DNCB
  • fermentation
  • Panax ginseng
  • red ginseng marc
  • skin

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