Application of cyber physical system (CPS) for risk management of a CO₂ Storage Site

In the present study, adaptability of cyber-physical system (CPS) for risk management of CO₂ storage site is examined and the subagging regression (SBR) method is proposed as a key component of the cyber-twin to estimate the risk due to potential CO₂ leakage. For these purposes, CO₂ concentration data monitored from a controlled CO₂ release field experiment is employed to validate the potentialities of the SBR method. From the validation study, it is found that the SBR method has robust estimation capability by showing minimal influence from anomalous measurements, and makes stable and sound predictions for the forthcoming CO₂ concentration trend. In addition, the method is found to be well suited as a tool of operational risk assessment based on real-time monitoring data due to the computational efficiency. The overall results suggest that the SBR method has potential to be an important component comprising the cyber twin of CPS for risk management of CO₂ storage site.