Around-the-clock observations of the Q0957+561A,B gravitationally lensed quasar. II. Results for the second observing season

Wesley N. Colley; Rudolph E. Schild; Cristina Abajas; David Alcalde; Zeki Aslan; Ilfan Bikmaev; Vahram Chavushyan; Luis Chinarro; Jean Philippe Cournoyer; Richard Crowe; Vladimir Dudinov; Anna Kathinka Dalland Evans; Young Beom Jeon; Luis J. Goicoechea; Orhan Golbasi; Irek Khamitov; Kjetil Kjernsmo; Hyun Ju Lee; Jonghwan Lee; Ki Won Lee; Myung Gyoon Lee; Omar Lopez-Cruz; Evencio Mediavilla; Anthony F.J. Moffat; Raul Mujica; Aurora Ullan; José Muñoz; Alexander Oscoz; Myeong Gu Park; Norman Purves; Oyvind Saanum; Nail Sakhibullin; Miquel Serra-Ricart; Igor Sinelnikov; Rolf Stabell; Alan Stockton; Jan Teuber; Roy Thompson; Hwa Sung Woo; Alexander Zheleznyak

doi:10.1086/368076

Around-the-clock observations of the Q0957+561A,B gravitationally lensed quasar. II. Results for the second observing season

Wesley N. Colley, Rudolph E. Schild, Cristina Abajas, David Alcalde, Zeki Aslan, Ilfan Bikmaev, Vahram Chavushyan, Luis Chinarro, Jean Philippe Cournoyer, Richard Crowe, Vladimir Dudinov, Anna Kathinka Dalland Evans, Young Beom Jeon, Luis J. Goicoechea, Orhan Golbasi, Irek Khamitov, Kjetil Kjernsmo, Hyun Ju Lee, Jonghwan Lee, Ki Won LeeMyung Gyoon Lee, Omar Lopez-Cruz, Evencio Mediavilla, Anthony F.J. Moffat, Raul Mujica, Aurora Ullan, José Muñoz, Alexander Oscoz, Myeong Gu Park, Norman Purves, Oyvind Saanum, Nail Sakhibullin, Miquel Serra-Ricart, Igor Sinelnikov, Rolf Stabell, Alan Stockton, Jan Teuber, Roy Thompson, Hwa Sung Woo, Alexander Zheleznyak

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Abstract

We report on an observing campaign in 2001 March to monitor the brightness of the later arriving Q0957+561B image in order to compare with the previously published brightness observations of the (first-arriving) A image. The 12 participating observatories provided 3543 image frames, which we have analyzed for brightness fluctuations. From our classical methods for time-delay determination, we find a 417.09 ± 0.07 day time delay, which should be free of effects due to incomplete sampling. During the campaign period, the quasar brightness was relatively constant and only small fluctuations were found; we compare the structure function for the new data with structure function estimates for the 1995-1996 epoch and show that the structure function during our observing interval is unusually depressed. We also examine the data for any evidence of correlated fluctuations at zero lag. We discuss the limits of our ability to measure the cosmological time delay if the quasar's emitting surface is time resolved, as seems likely.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	71-79
Number of pages	9
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	587
Issue number	1 I
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/368076
State	Published - 10 Apr 2003

Keywords

Gravitational lensing

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10.1086/368076

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Colley, W. N., Schild, R. E., Abajas, C., Alcalde, D., Aslan, Z., Bikmaev, I., Chavushyan, V., Chinarro, L., Cournoyer, J. P., Crowe, R., Dudinov, V., Evans, A. K. D., Jeon, Y. B., Goicoechea, L. J., Golbasi, O., Khamitov, I., Kjernsmo, K., Lee, H. J., Lee, J., ... Zheleznyak, A. (2003). Around-the-clock observations of the Q0957+561A,B gravitationally lensed quasar. II. Results for the second observing season. Astrophysical Journal, 587(1 I), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1086/368076

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title = "Around-the-clock observations of the Q0957+561A,B gravitationally lensed quasar. II. Results for the second observing season",

abstract = "We report on an observing campaign in 2001 March to monitor the brightness of the later arriving Q0957+561B image in order to compare with the previously published brightness observations of the (first-arriving) A image. The 12 participating observatories provided 3543 image frames, which we have analyzed for brightness fluctuations. From our classical methods for time-delay determination, we find a 417.09 ± 0.07 day time delay, which should be free of effects due to incomplete sampling. During the campaign period, the quasar brightness was relatively constant and only small fluctuations were found; we compare the structure function for the new data with structure function estimates for the 1995-1996 epoch and show that the structure function during our observing interval is unusually depressed. We also examine the data for any evidence of correlated fluctuations at zero lag. We discuss the limits of our ability to measure the cosmological time delay if the quasar's emitting surface is time resolved, as seems likely.",

keywords = "Gravitational lensing",

author = "Colley, {Wesley N.} and Schild, {Rudolph E.} and Cristina Abajas and David Alcalde and Zeki Aslan and Ilfan Bikmaev and Vahram Chavushyan and Luis Chinarro and Cournoyer, {Jean Philippe} and Richard Crowe and Vladimir Dudinov and Evans, {Anna Kathinka Dalland} and Jeon, {Young Beom} and Goicoechea, {Luis J.} and Orhan Golbasi and Irek Khamitov and Kjetil Kjernsmo and Lee, {Hyun Ju} and Jonghwan Lee and Lee, {Ki Won} and Lee, {Myung Gyoon} and Omar Lopez-Cruz and Evencio Mediavilla and Moffat, {Anthony F.J.} and Raul Mujica and Aurora Ullan and Jos{\'e} Mu{\~n}oz and Alexander Oscoz and Park, {Myeong Gu} and Norman Purves and Oyvind Saanum and Nail Sakhibullin and Miquel Serra-Ricart and Igor Sinelnikov and Rolf Stabell and Alan Stockton and Jan Teuber and Roy Thompson and Woo, {Hwa Sung} and Alexander Zheleznyak",

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language = "English",

volume = "587",

pages = "71--79",

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Colley, WN, Schild, RE, Abajas, C, Alcalde, D, Aslan, Z, Bikmaev, I, Chavushyan, V, Chinarro, L, Cournoyer, JP, Crowe, R, Dudinov, V, Evans, AKD, Jeon, YB, Goicoechea, LJ, Golbasi, O, Khamitov, I, Kjernsmo, K, Lee, HJ, Lee, J, Lee, KW, Lee, MG, Lopez-Cruz, O, Mediavilla, E, Moffat, AFJ, Mujica, R, Ullan, A, Muñoz, J, Oscoz, A, Park, MG, Purves, N, Saanum, O, Sakhibullin, N, Serra-Ricart, M, Sinelnikov, I, Stabell, R, Stockton, A, Teuber, J, Thompson, R, Woo, HS & Zheleznyak, A 2003, 'Around-the-clock observations of the Q0957+561A,B gravitationally lensed quasar. II. Results for the second observing season', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 587, no. 1 I, pp. 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1086/368076

TY - JOUR

T1 - Around-the-clock observations of the Q0957+561A,B gravitationally lensed quasar. II. Results for the second observing season

AU - Colley, Wesley N.

AU - Schild, Rudolph E.

AU - Abajas, Cristina

AU - Alcalde, David

AU - Aslan, Zeki

AU - Bikmaev, Ilfan

AU - Chavushyan, Vahram

AU - Chinarro, Luis

AU - Cournoyer, Jean Philippe

AU - Crowe, Richard

AU - Dudinov, Vladimir

AU - Evans, Anna Kathinka Dalland

AU - Jeon, Young Beom

AU - Goicoechea, Luis J.

AU - Golbasi, Orhan

AU - Khamitov, Irek

AU - Kjernsmo, Kjetil

AU - Lee, Hyun Ju

AU - Lee, Jonghwan

AU - Lee, Ki Won

AU - Lee, Myung Gyoon

AU - Lopez-Cruz, Omar

AU - Mediavilla, Evencio

AU - Moffat, Anthony F.J.

AU - Mujica, Raul

AU - Ullan, Aurora

AU - Muñoz, José

AU - Oscoz, Alexander

AU - Park, Myeong Gu

AU - Purves, Norman

AU - Saanum, Oyvind

AU - Sakhibullin, Nail

AU - Serra-Ricart, Miquel

AU - Sinelnikov, Igor

AU - Stabell, Rolf

AU - Stockton, Alan

AU - Teuber, Jan

AU - Thompson, Roy

AU - Woo, Hwa Sung

AU - Zheleznyak, Alexander

PY - 2003/4/10

Y1 - 2003/4/10

N2 - We report on an observing campaign in 2001 March to monitor the brightness of the later arriving Q0957+561B image in order to compare with the previously published brightness observations of the (first-arriving) A image. The 12 participating observatories provided 3543 image frames, which we have analyzed for brightness fluctuations. From our classical methods for time-delay determination, we find a 417.09 ± 0.07 day time delay, which should be free of effects due to incomplete sampling. During the campaign period, the quasar brightness was relatively constant and only small fluctuations were found; we compare the structure function for the new data with structure function estimates for the 1995-1996 epoch and show that the structure function during our observing interval is unusually depressed. We also examine the data for any evidence of correlated fluctuations at zero lag. We discuss the limits of our ability to measure the cosmological time delay if the quasar's emitting surface is time resolved, as seems likely.

AB - We report on an observing campaign in 2001 March to monitor the brightness of the later arriving Q0957+561B image in order to compare with the previously published brightness observations of the (first-arriving) A image. The 12 participating observatories provided 3543 image frames, which we have analyzed for brightness fluctuations. From our classical methods for time-delay determination, we find a 417.09 ± 0.07 day time delay, which should be free of effects due to incomplete sampling. During the campaign period, the quasar brightness was relatively constant and only small fluctuations were found; we compare the structure function for the new data with structure function estimates for the 1995-1996 epoch and show that the structure function during our observing interval is unusually depressed. We also examine the data for any evidence of correlated fluctuations at zero lag. We discuss the limits of our ability to measure the cosmological time delay if the quasar's emitting surface is time resolved, as seems likely.

KW - Gravitational lensing

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0041331529&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1086/368076

DO - 10.1086/368076

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0041331529

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 587

SP - 71

EP - 79

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1 I

ER -

Around-the-clock observations of the Q0957+561A,B gravitationally lensed quasar. II. Results for the second observing season

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Keywords

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