Bladder submucosa matrix-alginate hybrid scaffold

It is known that in bladder submucosa matrix (BSM), lots of bioactive substances which contribute to tissue regeneration such as growth factor, adhesion molecule, and modulators of coagulation are contained. In this study, we prepared BSM-alginate hybrid scaffolds, investigated basic properties such as morphology and cell viability, and evaluated their function with human skeletal muscle cells (hSkMCs) in vivo, considering their utility as scaffolds for muscle regeneration. The 135 proteins such as muscle-specific intermediate filament desmin, cardiac muscle ?actin 1, cytoskeletal ?' actin, keratin 1, decorin, and vimentin were identified in BSM. Porosity of the scaffold was reduced by incorporating BSM, suggesting the density of scaffold was increased. Excellent cell viability and cytocompatibility of alginate scaffold was maintained in the case of BSM-alginate scaffold. The immunofluorescence and immunochemical staining of the BSM-alginate scaffolds implanted with hSkMCs in subcutaneous spaces of balb/c-nude mice confirmed that the presence and the migration of cells and tissues, as well as the structural stability of scaffolds in vivo, were predominant as compared with the alginate scaffolds. Conclusively, BSMalginate scaffold is considered a biomaterial feasible for stem cell tissue engineering.