Cell-Surface Engineering for Advanced Cell Therapy

Stem cells opened great opportunity to overcome diseases that conventional therapy had only limited success. Use of scaffolds made from biomaterials not only helps handling of stem cells for delivery or transplantation but also supports enhanced cell survival. Likewise, cell encapsulation can provide stability for living animal cells even in a state of separateness. Although various chemical reactions were tried to encapsulate stolid microbial cells such as yeasts, a culture environment for the growth of animal cells allows only highly biocompatible reactions. Therefore, the animal cells were mostly encapsulated in hydrogels, which resulted in enhanced cell survival. Interestingly, major findings of chemistry on biological interfaces demonstrate that cell encapsulation in hydrogels have a further a competence for modulating cell characteristics that can go beyond just enhancing the cell survival. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview on the chemical reactions applied to hydrogel-based cell encapsulation and their effects on the characteristics and behavior of living animal cells.