Chimeric H5 influenza virus-like particle vaccine elicits broader cross-clade antibody responses in chickens than in ducks

Jaekeun Park, Chang Seon Song, David Hyunjung Chung, Sangyong Choi, Junghoon Kwon, Sungsu Youk, Dong Hun Lee

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Eurasian-lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses have spread throughout Asia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, and most recently, North and South America. These viruses are independently evolving into genetically and antigenically divergent clades, and broad-spectrum vaccines protecting against these divergent clades are needed. In this study, we developed a chimeric virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine co-expressing hemagglutinins from two clades (clades 1 and 2.3.2.1) of HPAI H5 viruses and performed comparative cross-clade hemagglutination inhibition (HI) analysis in chickens and ducks. The chimeric VLP immunization induced a significantly broader spectrum of antibodies against various clades of HPAI H5 viruses than monovalent VLPs both in chickens and ducks. While the chimeric VLP led to broadened antibody responses in both species, significantly lower levels of HI antibodies were elicited in ducks than in chickens. Moreover, boost immunization failed to increase antibody responses in ducks regardless of the VLPs used, in contrast to chickens that showed significantly enhanced antibody responses upon boost immunization. These results suggest (1) the potential application of the chimeric VLP technology in poultry to help control HPAI H5 viruses by offering broader antibody responses against antigenically different strains and (2) possible obstacles in generating high levels of antibody responses against HPAI H5 viruses in ducks via vaccination, implying the need for advanced vaccination strategies for ducks.

Original languageEnglish
Article number1158233
JournalFrontiers in Veterinary Science
Volume10
DOIs
StatePublished - 2023

Keywords

  • chicken
  • duck
  • highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
  • insect cell
  • poultry
  • vaccine
  • virus like particle

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