TY - JOUR
T1 - Comprehensive analysis of plant rapid alkalization factor (RALF) genes
AU - Sharma, Arti
AU - Hussain, Adil
AU - Mun, Bong Gyu
AU - Imran, Qari Muhammad
AU - Falak, Noreen
AU - Lee, Sang Uk
AU - Kim, Jae Young
AU - Hong, Jeum Kyu
AU - Loake, Gary John
AU - Ali, Asad
AU - Yun, Byung Wook
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS.
PY - 2016/9/1
Y1 - 2016/9/1
N2 - Receptor mediated signal carriers play a critical role in the regulation of plant defense and development. Rapid alkalization factor (RALF) proteins potentially comprise important signaling components which may have a key role in plant biology. The RALF gene family contains large number of genes in several plant species, however, only a few RALF genes have been characterized to date. In this study, an extensive database search identified 39, 43, 34 and 18 RALF genes in Arabidopsis, rice, maize and soybean, respectively. These RALF genes were found to be highly conserved across the 4 plant species. A comprehensive analysis including the chromosomal location, gene structure, subcellular location, conserved motifs, protein structure, protein-ligand interaction and promoter analysis was performed. RALF genes from four plant species were divided into 7 groups based on phylogenetic analysis. In silico expression analysis of these genes, using microarray and EST data, revealed that these genes exhibit a variety of expression patterns. Furthermore, RALF genes showed distinct expression patterns of transcript accumulation in vivo following nitrosative and oxidative stresses in Arabidopsis. Predicted interaction between RALF and heme ligand also showed that RALF proteins may contribute towards transporting or scavenging oxygen moieties. This suggests a possible role for RALF genes during changes in cellular redox status. Collectively, our data provides a valuable resource to prime future research in the role of RALF genes in plant growth and development.
AB - Receptor mediated signal carriers play a critical role in the regulation of plant defense and development. Rapid alkalization factor (RALF) proteins potentially comprise important signaling components which may have a key role in plant biology. The RALF gene family contains large number of genes in several plant species, however, only a few RALF genes have been characterized to date. In this study, an extensive database search identified 39, 43, 34 and 18 RALF genes in Arabidopsis, rice, maize and soybean, respectively. These RALF genes were found to be highly conserved across the 4 plant species. A comprehensive analysis including the chromosomal location, gene structure, subcellular location, conserved motifs, protein structure, protein-ligand interaction and promoter analysis was performed. RALF genes from four plant species were divided into 7 groups based on phylogenetic analysis. In silico expression analysis of these genes, using microarray and EST data, revealed that these genes exhibit a variety of expression patterns. Furthermore, RALF genes showed distinct expression patterns of transcript accumulation in vivo following nitrosative and oxidative stresses in Arabidopsis. Predicted interaction between RALF and heme ligand also showed that RALF proteins may contribute towards transporting or scavenging oxygen moieties. This suggests a possible role for RALF genes during changes in cellular redox status. Collectively, our data provides a valuable resource to prime future research in the role of RALF genes in plant growth and development.
KW - Arabidopsis
KW - Maize
KW - Rapid alkalization factor
KW - Rice
KW - Soybean
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84964807262&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.037
DO - 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.037
M3 - Article
C2 - 27155375
AN - SCOPUS:84964807262
SN - 0981-9428
VL - 106
SP - 82
EP - 90
JO - Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
JF - Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
ER -