Crystal growth and characterization of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene organic scintillator crystal

1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB) crystal cylinders of 23 × 13 mm were successfully achieved out of an optimized unidirectional temperature gradient method. The Powder X-ray diffraction confirms that the grown crystal belongs to orthorhombic crystal system with non-centrosymmetric space group (Pna2₁). The crystalline structural perfection of the grown crystal was examined by high resolution X-ray diffraction analysis. FTIR and Raman studies aid to identify the expected molecular structure and the basic functional group of vibrational modes. The UV–Visible spectral analysis was carried out and the cut-off wavelength was observed at 228 nm. The Photoluminescence and The X-ray induced luminescence spectra were recorded and found the emission around 355 nm. The structural defects were analyzed through chemical etching micrographs. Pulse height spectra and the Scintillation decay time measurement also carried out under γ-rays from ¹³⁷Cs source. The thermal diffusivity, conductivity and effusivity data from photoacoustic spectroscopy supports the application of this material for scintillation.