CT-Cache: Compressed tag-driven cache architecture

One of the most challenging problems in designing large caches is to devise efficient cache tag storage. Typical large last-level caches often require tens of megabytes of tag storage. Consequently, this large tag storage leads to high latency and energy consumption for a cache tag access, which adversely affect system performance and energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose CT-Cache that exploits the similarity in upper cache tag bits. Our proposed CT-Cache decouples a tag storage into a global tag table and delta tag arrays. The global tag table is a small fully-Associative buffer that stores upper tag patterns, which can be shared between multiple cache lines, while the delta tag array stores lower tag bits for each cache line. By avoiding the redundant storage, the CT-Cache significantly reduces the cache tag storage size, which in turn reduces latency and energy consumption of a cache tag access. Evaluation results reveal that the CT-Cache reduces tag storage size by 87.8%, which significantly reduces tag access latency and energy. Owing to the tag storage reduction, the CT-Cache improves performance by 4.7%~16.2% and reduces last-level cache and main memory energy consumption by 20.0%~29.7% compared to the conventional caches that use non-compressed tag storage.