Current Updates on COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics: As of June 2022

Since COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has become a global issue, many vaccines and therapeutic candidates have been developed or are being developed against the COVID-19 endemic and the next wave. However, it is difficult to overcome the spread and mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pandemic because development of vaccines and therapeutics involves considerable social cost and time, as well as research capabilities. Thus, assessing the development status of these agents is important for advancing efficient research strategies. In this review, we summarize the status of 141 vaccines and 345 therapeutic candidates under development worldwide, according to their development stage and characteristics. As of June 2022, 32 vaccines and 12 therapeutics have been approved for emergency use. Although the development of four of these therapeutics was terminated owing to their low efficacy against various variants of SARS-CoV-2, many new candidates that have completed phase 3 clinical trials have been awaiting phase 4 clinical trials or full approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These efforts are expected to contribute to establishing an efficient research strategy to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic and facilitate its transition toward an endemic phase.