Cyanidin-3-O-(2″-xylosyl)-glucoside, an anthocyanin from Siberian ginseng (Acanthopanax senticosus) fruits, inhibits UVB-induced COX-2 expression and AP-1 transactivation

Cyanidin-3-O-(2″-xylosyl)-glucoside (C-3-O-(2″-xylosyl)-G) was analyzed as an active constituent from the fruit of Siberian ginseng (Acanthopanax senticosus) using a HPLC diode array detection-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry analysis system and the effect of C-3-O-(2″-xylosyl)-G on UVB-induced inflammatory signaling in JB6 P+ cells was investigated. C-3-O-(2″-xylosyl)-G inhibited UVB-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and promoter binding activity in JB6 P+ cells and JB6 P+ cells stably transfected with the COX-2 luciferase reporter plasmid. It inhibited both the UVB-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB transactivation in JB6 P+ cells stably transfected with the AP-1 and NF-κB luciferase reporter plasmids. Additionally, C-3-O-(2″-xylosyl)-G significantly suppressed UVB-induced upregulated phosphorylation of c-Jun N terminal kinase, MEK/extracellular signaling kinase, and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) 3/6 in JB6 P+ cells. These results indicate that C-3-O-(2″-xylosyl)-G may be a promising chemopreventive material that acts by suppressing COX-2 expression and AP-1 and NF-κB transactivation and JNK, MAPKK3/6, and MEK/ERK1/2 phosphorylation.