Demographic influences on urban commercial spaces: Spatial characteristics and purchase patterns across age groups in Incheon, Korea

This study investigates the spatial characteristics of age-specific purchase areas in Incheon, South Korea, to address the challenges of demographic aging and community decline. Using credit card transaction data and urban spatial data, we analysed purchase patterns and identified main purchase areas by age group, examining their urban spatial characteristics in relation to various physical factors. As a result of the analysis, young adults' purchase patterns are characterized by convenience stores and restaurants, with their main purchase area featuring quick pedestrian access to daily facilities despite relatively low provision of rest facilities. Middle-aged adults show diverse business-type and family-oriented facility purchases, with their area characterized by mixed-use and vehicle-oriented environments. Older adults demonstrate purchase patterns focused on health promotion and hobby activities, with their main purchase area exhibiting balanced characteristics for both pedestrian and vehicular use. Senior adults show a high proportion of purchases in groceries and health-related items, with their area featuring pedestrian-friendly environment and excellent accessibility to essential facilities. This study's significance lies in its use of credit card transaction data to objectively analyse actual usage patterns and accurately identify concentrated purchase areas, complementing the limitations of survey-based methods. Furthermore, by examining how physical factors affecting purchase activities are reflected in the spatial configuration of active purchasing areas, this research provides empirical evidence for developing age-responsive urban planning strategies. The findings serve as valuable insights for creating inclusive and efficient urban environments that consider age-specific characteristics, thereby potentially improving community vitality.