TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of Korean Representative Headforms for the Total Inward Leakage Testing on Filtering Facepiece Respirators
AU - Lee, Ah Lam
AU - Cui, Xin
AU - Jung, Hayoung
AU - Kim, Hee Eun
AU - Jeon, Eun Jin
AU - Na, Hyungjin
AU - Kim, Eunmi
AU - You, Heecheon
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2024/3
Y1 - 2024/3
N2 - Background: The lack of headforms that accurately reflect the head characteristics of Koreans and the demographic composition of the Korean population can lead to inadequate FFR testing and reduced effectiveness of FFRs. Method: Direct measurements of 5,110 individuals and 3D measurements of 2,044 individuals, aged between 9 and 69 years, were sampled from the data pool of Size Korea surveys based on the age and gender ratios of the Korean resident demographics. Seven head dimensions were selected based on the ISO 16976-2, availability of Size Korea measurements, and their relevance to the fit performance of FFRs. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category. Results: The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow. Conclusion: This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population.
AB - Background: The lack of headforms that accurately reflect the head characteristics of Koreans and the demographic composition of the Korean population can lead to inadequate FFR testing and reduced effectiveness of FFRs. Method: Direct measurements of 5,110 individuals and 3D measurements of 2,044 individuals, aged between 9 and 69 years, were sampled from the data pool of Size Korea surveys based on the age and gender ratios of the Korean resident demographics. Seven head dimensions were selected based on the ISO 16976-2, availability of Size Korea measurements, and their relevance to the fit performance of FFRs. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category. Results: The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow. Conclusion: This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population.
KW - Filtering facepiece respirator (FFR)
KW - Headform
KW - Korean population
KW - Total inward leakage (TIL)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178567306&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.11.003
DO - 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.11.003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85178567306
SN - 2093-7911
VL - 15
SP - 42
EP - 52
JO - Safety and Health at Work
JF - Safety and Health at Work
IS - 1
ER -
