Discontinuation of blood pressure–lowering, glucose–lowering, and lipid–lowering medications after bariatric surgery in patients with morbid obesity: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea

Background: Limited evidence exists on the patterns of medication use for hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia after bariatric surgery among Asian patients. Objectives: To investigate the patterns in the use of blood pressure–lowering, glucose-lowering, and lipid-lowering medications following BS in Korean patients with morbid obesity. Setting: This study is a retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assignment claims database of South Korea (from 2019 to 2021). Methods: We included patients who underwent BS between 2019 and 2020 in South Korea. We evaluated the treatment patterns of blood pressure–lowering, glucose-lowering, and lipid-lowering medications at 3-month intervals for 1-year following BS, including medication use, individual medication classes, and the number of medications prescribed. Furthermore, we estimated remission rates for each disorder based on patient characteristics by defining patients who discontinued their medications for at least 2 consecutive quarters as remission. Results: A total of 3810 patients were included in this study. For 1-year following BS, a marked decrease in the number of patients using blood pressure–lowering, glucose-lowering, and lipid-lowering medications was observed. The most remarkable decrease occurred in glucose-lowering medications, which decreased by approximately −75.1% compared with that at baseline. This tendency was consistently observed when analyzing both the number of medications prescribed and the specific medication classes. Regarding remission rates, patients who were female, younger, and received the biliopancreatic diversion-duodenal switch as their BS showed a relatively higher incidence of remission than other groups. Conclusions: BS was associated with a decrease in the use of medications for hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia.