Double polarisation observable G for single pion photoproduction from the proton

We report measurements of π⁺ and π⁰ meson photoproduction from longitudinally spin-polarised protons by an energy tagged (0.73-2.3 GeV) and linearly polarised photon beam. A close to complete solid angle coverage for the reaction products was provided by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The double-polarisation observable G is extracted from Maximum Likelihood fits to the data, enabling the first accurate determination for the reaction γ→p→→π⁺n, while also significantly extending the kinematic coverage for γ→p→→π⁰p. This large data set provides an important constraint on the properties and spectrum of excited nucleon states decaying to Nπ in the mass range from 1.4 to 2.2 GeV, as well as for background (non-resonant) photoproduction processes. The considerable improvement achieved in the description of the observable G within the SAID and Bonn-Gatchina approaches after implementation of our data, illustrates that the partial-wave analyses now significantly extend the knowledge on Nπ photoproduction amplitudes at W>1.8 GeV. A partial-wave analysis using the new high-precision data set has a large impact on the extracted properties of high-spin nucleon excited states.