TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of citric acid and heat treatment on the content of less-polar ginsenosides in flower buds of Panax ginseng
AU - Gao, Dan
AU - Kim, Jin Hyeok
AU - Vinh, Le Ba
AU - Seo, Eun Young
AU - Yang, Seo Young
AU - Cho, Chong Woon
AU - Kim, Young Ho
AU - Kim, Kyung Tae
AU - Sim, Jaehoon
AU - Kang, Jong Seong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Ginseng flower bud (GFB), as an inexpensive part of Panax ginseng, attracted significant attention as a beneficial functional food with medicinal potentials due to its high content of ginsenosides. A few studies focused on the utilization of heat treatment and citric acid treatment to process ginseng flowers, converting its polar ginsenosides into rare ginsenosides to improve its biological activities. Thus, in this study, we compared the changes of ginsenosides in GFB after citric acid and heat treatment by HPLC method. The results revealed that less-polar ginsenoside, Rg6 and F4, increased to 1.01 and 0.27% by heat treatment, respectively. Further, ginsenoside F2 increased to 1.13% with 1 M citric acid treatment. Furthermore, based on the combination of these two processing methods for the first time, the conversion rate of less-polar ginsenosides surged to 80%. The content of ginsenoside Rg3(s) and Rg5 increased to 1.509 and 1.871%, respectively, by simultaneous heat and citric acid treatment. Therefore, a processing approach that simultaneously performs heat and citric acid treatments has been proposed, and this considerably inexpensive and convenient processing method could be applied to the processing of GFBs and produce less-polar ginsenosides.
AB - Ginseng flower bud (GFB), as an inexpensive part of Panax ginseng, attracted significant attention as a beneficial functional food with medicinal potentials due to its high content of ginsenosides. A few studies focused on the utilization of heat treatment and citric acid treatment to process ginseng flowers, converting its polar ginsenosides into rare ginsenosides to improve its biological activities. Thus, in this study, we compared the changes of ginsenosides in GFB after citric acid and heat treatment by HPLC method. The results revealed that less-polar ginsenoside, Rg6 and F4, increased to 1.01 and 0.27% by heat treatment, respectively. Further, ginsenoside F2 increased to 1.13% with 1 M citric acid treatment. Furthermore, based on the combination of these two processing methods for the first time, the conversion rate of less-polar ginsenosides surged to 80%. The content of ginsenoside Rg3(s) and Rg5 increased to 1.509 and 1.871%, respectively, by simultaneous heat and citric acid treatment. Therefore, a processing approach that simultaneously performs heat and citric acid treatments has been proposed, and this considerably inexpensive and convenient processing method could be applied to the processing of GFBs and produce less-polar ginsenosides.
KW - citric acid treatment
KW - heat treatment
KW - HPLC
KW - less-polar ginsenosides
KW - Panax ginseng flower buds
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105373158&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/10826068.2021.1920036
DO - 10.1080/10826068.2021.1920036
M3 - Article
C2 - 33950798
AN - SCOPUS:85105373158
SN - 1082-6068
VL - 52
SP - 144
EP - 153
JO - Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology
JF - Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology
IS - 2
ER -