Effectiveness of Low-Volume Spraying with Tower-Type Sprayers in High-Density Apple Orchards

Despite advancements in apple orchard systems, pesticide application volumes in Korea remain stagnant, ranging from 2,500 to 4,000 L/ha, often without specific guidelines. High pesticide volumes increase costs, pose health risks, and contribute to environmental degradation through drift. This study evaluated a tower-type sprayer‘s performance in high-density apple orchards, comparing low-volume (2,500 L/ha) and high-volume (4,000 L/ha) applications. Key metrics included drift, canopy coverage, mite density, and cost analysis. The results showed 1,500 RPM for 2,500 L/ha reduced drift compared to 2,000 RPM for 4,000 L/ha, though both exhibited drift up to 8 meters. Canopy coverage exceeded 80% across treatments, ensuring effective pesticide distribution. Mite density was controlled effectively with no significant differences, and fruit quality remained consistent. Economic analysis revealed total costs of 606,680 KRW for 2,500 L/ha and 1,111,760 KRW for 4,000 L/ha, indicating that the low-volume spraying reduced total costs by approximately 46% compared to the high-volume treatment, primarily due to decreased pesticide use, fuel, and labor. These findings suggest 2,500 L/ha is a cost-efficient and sustainable option, reducing environmental impact and resource use. Further research should address diverse pest species and adapt strategies for evolving orchard systems.