Endoscopic resection of co-existing severe dysplasia and a small esophageal leiomyoma

Leiomyoma is the most common benign mesenchymal tumor of the esophagus. A small leiomyoma covered with endoscopically normal mucosa has a characteristic endoscopic ultrasonographic appearance, slow growth rate, and negligible risk of malignant transformation; therefore the histology does not need to be proven. Synchronous tumors such as an epithelial tumor and small subepithelial tumor in the upper gastrointestinal tract are uncommon. We describe a case with a coexisting small leiomyoma and severe dysplasia in the esophagus which were completely resected by endoscopic mucosal resection.