Enhanced antibody responses in fully vaccinated individuals against pan-SARS-CoV-2 variants following Omicron breakthrough infection

Hye Won Jeong; Se Mi Kim; Min Kyung Jung; Ji Yun Noh; Ji Seung Yoo; Eun Ha Kim; Young Il Kim; Kwangmin Yu; Seung Gyu Jang; Juryeon Gil; Mark Anthony Casel; Rollon Rare; Jeong Ho Choi; Hee Sung Kim; Jun Hyoung Kim; Jihye Um; Chaeyoon Kim; Yeonjae Kim; Bum Sik Chin; Sungmin Jung; Jun Yong Choi; Kyoung Ho Song; Yong Dae Kim; Jun Sun Park; Joon Young Song; Eui Cheol Shin; Young Ki Choi

doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100764

Enhanced antibody responses in fully vaccinated individuals against pan-SARS-CoV-2 variants following Omicron breakthrough infection

Hye Won Jeong, Se Mi Kim, Min Kyung Jung, Ji Yun Noh, Ji Seung Yoo, Eun Ha Kim, Young Il Kim, Kwangmin Yu, Seung Gyu Jang, Juryeon Gil, Mark Anthony Casel, Rollon Rare, Jeong Ho Choi, Hee Sung Kim, Jun Hyoung Kim, Jihye Um, Chaeyoon Kim, Yeonjae Kim, Bum Sik Chin, Sungmin JungJun Yong Choi, Kyoung Ho Song, Yong Dae Kim, Jun Sun Park, Joon Young Song, Eui Cheol Shin, Young Ki Choi

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

Omicron has become the globally dominant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, creating additional challenges due to its ability to evade neutralization. Here, we report that neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants are undetected following COVID-19 infection with ancestral or past SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses or after two-dose mRNA vaccination. Compared with two-dose vaccination, a three-dose vaccination course induces broad neutralizing antibody responses with improved durability against different SARS-CoV-2 variants, although neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron remain low. Intriguingly, among individuals with three-dose vaccination, Omicron breakthrough infection substantially augments serum neutralizing activity against a broad spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5. Additionally, after Omicron breakthrough infection, memory T cells respond to the spike proteins of both ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 by producing cytokines with polyfunctionality. These results suggest that Omicron breakthrough infection following three-dose mRNA vaccination induces pan-SARS-CoV-2 immunity that may protect against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Original language	English
Article number	100764
Journal	Cell Reports Medicine
Volume	3
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100764
State	Published - 18 Oct 2022

Keywords

D614G
Omicron BA.1
Omicron BA.2
SARS-CoV-2
T cell immune response
ancestral
breakthrough infection
cross-neutralization
mRNA vaccine
recovered patient
variants of concern

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100764

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Jeong, H. W., Kim, S. M., Jung, M. K., Noh, J. Y., Yoo, J. S., Kim, E. H., Kim, Y. I., Yu, K., Jang, S. G., Gil, J., Casel, M. A., Rare, R., Choi, J. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. H., Um, J., Kim, C., Kim, Y., Chin, B. S., ... Choi, Y. K. (2022). Enhanced antibody responses in fully vaccinated individuals against pan-SARS-CoV-2 variants following Omicron breakthrough infection. Cell Reports Medicine, 3(10), Article 100764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100764

@article{2665ca1d6102436aa2afef95b180c676,

title = "Enhanced antibody responses in fully vaccinated individuals against pan-SARS-CoV-2 variants following Omicron breakthrough infection",

abstract = "Omicron has become the globally dominant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, creating additional challenges due to its ability to evade neutralization. Here, we report that neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants are undetected following COVID-19 infection with ancestral or past SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses or after two-dose mRNA vaccination. Compared with two-dose vaccination, a three-dose vaccination course induces broad neutralizing antibody responses with improved durability against different SARS-CoV-2 variants, although neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron remain low. Intriguingly, among individuals with three-dose vaccination, Omicron breakthrough infection substantially augments serum neutralizing activity against a broad spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5. Additionally, after Omicron breakthrough infection, memory T cells respond to the spike proteins of both ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 by producing cytokines with polyfunctionality. These results suggest that Omicron breakthrough infection following three-dose mRNA vaccination induces pan-SARS-CoV-2 immunity that may protect against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.",

keywords = "D614G, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2, SARS-CoV-2, T cell immune response, ancestral, breakthrough infection, cross-neutralization, mRNA vaccine, recovered patient, variants of concern",

author = "Jeong, {Hye Won} and Kim, {Se Mi} and Jung, {Min Kyung} and Noh, {Ji Yun} and Yoo, {Ji Seung} and Kim, {Eun Ha} and Kim, {Young Il} and Kwangmin Yu and Jang, {Seung Gyu} and Juryeon Gil and Casel, {Mark Anthony} and Rollon Rare and Choi, {Jeong Ho} and Kim, {Hee Sung} and Kim, {Jun Hyoung} and Jihye Um and Chaeyoon Kim and Yeonjae Kim and Chin, {Bum Sik} and Sungmin Jung and Choi, {Jun Yong} and Song, {Kyoung Ho} and Kim, {Yong Dae} and Park, {Jun Sun} and Song, {Joon Young} and Shin, {Eui Cheol} and Choi, {Young Ki}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s)",

year = "2022",

month = oct,

day = "18",

doi = "10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100764",

language = "English",

volume = "3",

journal = "Cell Reports Medicine",

issn = "2666-3791",

publisher = "Cell Press",

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Jeong, HW, Kim, SM, Jung, MK, Noh, JY, Yoo, JS, Kim, EH, Kim, YI, Yu, K, Jang, SG, Gil, J, Casel, MA, Rare, R, Choi, JH, Kim, HS, Kim, JH, Um, J, Kim, C, Kim, Y, Chin, BS, Jung, S, Choi, JY, Song, KH, Kim, YD, Park, JS, Song, JY, Shin, EC & Choi, YK 2022, 'Enhanced antibody responses in fully vaccinated individuals against pan-SARS-CoV-2 variants following Omicron breakthrough infection', Cell Reports Medicine, vol. 3, no. 10, 100764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100764

TY - JOUR

T1 - Enhanced antibody responses in fully vaccinated individuals against pan-SARS-CoV-2 variants following Omicron breakthrough infection

AU - Jeong, Hye Won

AU - Kim, Se Mi

AU - Jung, Min Kyung

AU - Noh, Ji Yun

AU - Yoo, Ji Seung

AU - Kim, Eun Ha

AU - Kim, Young Il

AU - Yu, Kwangmin

AU - Jang, Seung Gyu

AU - Gil, Juryeon

AU - Casel, Mark Anthony

AU - Rare, Rollon

AU - Choi, Jeong Ho

AU - Kim, Hee Sung

AU - Kim, Jun Hyoung

AU - Um, Jihye

AU - Kim, Chaeyoon

AU - Kim, Yeonjae

AU - Chin, Bum Sik

AU - Jung, Sungmin

AU - Choi, Jun Yong

AU - Song, Kyoung Ho

AU - Kim, Yong Dae

AU - Park, Jun Sun

AU - Song, Joon Young

AU - Shin, Eui Cheol

AU - Choi, Young Ki

PY - 2022/10/18

Y1 - 2022/10/18

N2 - Omicron has become the globally dominant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, creating additional challenges due to its ability to evade neutralization. Here, we report that neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants are undetected following COVID-19 infection with ancestral or past SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses or after two-dose mRNA vaccination. Compared with two-dose vaccination, a three-dose vaccination course induces broad neutralizing antibody responses with improved durability against different SARS-CoV-2 variants, although neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron remain low. Intriguingly, among individuals with three-dose vaccination, Omicron breakthrough infection substantially augments serum neutralizing activity against a broad spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5. Additionally, after Omicron breakthrough infection, memory T cells respond to the spike proteins of both ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 by producing cytokines with polyfunctionality. These results suggest that Omicron breakthrough infection following three-dose mRNA vaccination induces pan-SARS-CoV-2 immunity that may protect against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

AB - Omicron has become the globally dominant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, creating additional challenges due to its ability to evade neutralization. Here, we report that neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants are undetected following COVID-19 infection with ancestral or past SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses or after two-dose mRNA vaccination. Compared with two-dose vaccination, a three-dose vaccination course induces broad neutralizing antibody responses with improved durability against different SARS-CoV-2 variants, although neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron remain low. Intriguingly, among individuals with three-dose vaccination, Omicron breakthrough infection substantially augments serum neutralizing activity against a broad spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5. Additionally, after Omicron breakthrough infection, memory T cells respond to the spike proteins of both ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 by producing cytokines with polyfunctionality. These results suggest that Omicron breakthrough infection following three-dose mRNA vaccination induces pan-SARS-CoV-2 immunity that may protect against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

KW - D614G

KW - Omicron BA.1

KW - Omicron BA.2

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - T cell immune response

KW - ancestral

KW - breakthrough infection

KW - cross-neutralization

KW - mRNA vaccine

KW - recovered patient

KW - variants of concern

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U2 - 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100764

DO - 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100764

M3 - Article

C2 - 36182684

AN - SCOPUS:85139299618

SN - 2666-3791

VL - 3

JO - Cell Reports Medicine

JF - Cell Reports Medicine

IS - 10

M1 - 100764

ER -

Enhanced antibody responses in fully vaccinated individuals against pan-SARS-CoV-2 variants following Omicron breakthrough infection

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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