Estimation of Online State of Charge and State of Health Based on Neural Network Model Banks Using Lithium Batteries

Lithium batteries are secondary batteries used as power sources in various applications, such as electric vehicles, portable devices, and energy storage devices. However, because explosions frequently occur during their operation, improving battery safety by developing battery management systems with excellent reliability and efficiency has become a recent research focus. The performance of the battery management system varies depending on the estimated accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). Therefore, we propose a SOH and SOC estimation method for lithium–ion batteries in this study. The proposed method includes four neural network models—one is used to estimate the SOH, and the other three are configured as normal, caution, and fault neural network model banks for estimating the SOC. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method using the long short-term memory model outperforms its counterparts.