Estimation of sulfur deposition in South Korea

Dry and wet depositions of sulfur have been estimated using the routinely available meteorological data at 70 sites, air-monitored data at 27 sites and upper air soundings made daily twice (0000 and 1200 UTC) at three stations over South Korea for 4yr from 1994 to 1997. The average annual total dry deposition and wet deposition of sulfur in South Korea are found to be 3 and 1.7tkm^-2yr^-1, respectively. The ratio of dry-to-wet deposition of sulfur is found to vary with season with a maximum value of 6.6 in winter to a minimum value of 0.5 in summer in association with both precipitation amount and SO₂ concentration. The maximum of annual total sulfur deposition exceeding 10tkm^-2yr^-1 occurs in the southeastern part of Korea where big cities and industrial complexes are located, suggesting the importance of SO₂ emission for deposition of sulfur. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.