TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimators of Bolometric Luminosity and Black Hole Mass with Mid-infrared Continuum Luminosities for Dust-obscured Quasars
T2 - Prevalence of Dust-obscured SDSS Quasars
AU - Kim, Dohyeong
AU - Im, Myungshin
AU - Kim, Minjin
AU - Kim, Yongjung
AU - Shin, Suhyun
AU - Shim, Hyunjin
AU - Song, Hyunmi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
PY - 2023/9/1
Y1 - 2023/9/1
N2 - We present bolometric luminosity (L bol) and black hole (BH) mass (M BH) estimators based on mid-infrared (MIR) continuum luminosity (hereafter, L MIR) that are measured from infrared (IR) photometric data. The L MIR-based estimators are relatively immune from dust extinction effects, hence they can be used for dust-obscured quasars. To derive the L bol and M BH estimators, we use unobscured quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar catalog, which have wide ranges of L bol (1044.62-1046.16 erg s−1) and M BH (107.14-109.69 M ⊙). We find empirical relations between (i) continuum luminosity at 5100 Å (hereafter, L5100) and L MIR; (ii) L bol and L MIR. Using these relations, we derive the L MIR-based L bol and M BH estimators. We find that our estimators allow the determination of L bol and M BH at an accuracy of ∼0.2 dex against the fiducial estimates based on the optical properties of the unobscured quasars. We apply the L MIR-based estimators to SDSS quasars at z ≲ 0.5 including obscured ones. The ratios of L bol from the L MIR-based estimators to those from the optical luminosity-based estimators become larger with the amount of the dust extinction, and a non-negligible fraction (∼15%) of the SDSS quasars exhibits ratios greater than 1.5. This result suggests that dust extinction can significantly affect physical parameter derivations even for SDSS quasars, and that dust extinction needs to be carefully taken into account when deriving quasar properties.
AB - We present bolometric luminosity (L bol) and black hole (BH) mass (M BH) estimators based on mid-infrared (MIR) continuum luminosity (hereafter, L MIR) that are measured from infrared (IR) photometric data. The L MIR-based estimators are relatively immune from dust extinction effects, hence they can be used for dust-obscured quasars. To derive the L bol and M BH estimators, we use unobscured quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar catalog, which have wide ranges of L bol (1044.62-1046.16 erg s−1) and M BH (107.14-109.69 M ⊙). We find empirical relations between (i) continuum luminosity at 5100 Å (hereafter, L5100) and L MIR; (ii) L bol and L MIR. Using these relations, we derive the L MIR-based L bol and M BH estimators. We find that our estimators allow the determination of L bol and M BH at an accuracy of ∼0.2 dex against the fiducial estimates based on the optical properties of the unobscured quasars. We apply the L MIR-based estimators to SDSS quasars at z ≲ 0.5 including obscured ones. The ratios of L bol from the L MIR-based estimators to those from the optical luminosity-based estimators become larger with the amount of the dust extinction, and a non-negligible fraction (∼15%) of the SDSS quasars exhibits ratios greater than 1.5. This result suggests that dust extinction can significantly affect physical parameter derivations even for SDSS quasars, and that dust extinction needs to be carefully taken into account when deriving quasar properties.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85170712208&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/aceb5e
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/aceb5e
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85170712208
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 954
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2
M1 - 156
ER -