TY - JOUR
T1 - Extracellular vesicles
T2 - their challenges and benefits as potential biomarkers for musculoskeletal disorders
AU - Sung, Soo Eun
AU - Seo, Min Soo
AU - Park, Wook Tae
AU - Lim, Young Ju
AU - Park, Sangbum
AU - Lee, Gun Woo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025.
PY - 2025/2
Y1 - 2025/2
N2 - Early diagnosis and timely management are critical for determining disease outcomes and prognoses. To date, certain methods for developing disease-specific biomarkers have been reported; however, strategies for musculoskeletal disease-specific biomarker development have rarely been studied. Recent studies have highlighted the potential application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as disease-specific biomarkers. EVs encapsulate proteins, lipids, messenger RNAs, and microRNAs derived from their cellular origin; these constituents remain stable within the EVs and can traverse the blood–brain barrier. Because of these distinctive characteristics, EVs have been actively investigated as diagnostic tools for various conditions, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. Although EVs have many advantages for biomarker development, they have not yet been fully researched in the context of musculoskeletal pathologies. The current review aimed to highlight the potential of EVs in the development of disease-specific biomarkers, summarize the processes of EV biomarkers, and discuss current limitations and future perspectives of EVs as biomarkers.
AB - Early diagnosis and timely management are critical for determining disease outcomes and prognoses. To date, certain methods for developing disease-specific biomarkers have been reported; however, strategies for musculoskeletal disease-specific biomarker development have rarely been studied. Recent studies have highlighted the potential application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as disease-specific biomarkers. EVs encapsulate proteins, lipids, messenger RNAs, and microRNAs derived from their cellular origin; these constituents remain stable within the EVs and can traverse the blood–brain barrier. Because of these distinctive characteristics, EVs have been actively investigated as diagnostic tools for various conditions, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. Although EVs have many advantages for biomarker development, they have not yet been fully researched in the context of musculoskeletal pathologies. The current review aimed to highlight the potential of EVs in the development of disease-specific biomarkers, summarize the processes of EV biomarkers, and discuss current limitations and future perspectives of EVs as biomarkers.
KW - Extracellular vesicle
KW - biomarker
KW - development
KW - diagnostic tool
KW - disease
KW - musculoskeletal system
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85219126654
U2 - 10.1177/03000605251317476
DO - 10.1177/03000605251317476
M3 - Article
C2 - 39973226
AN - SCOPUS:85219126654
SN - 0300-0605
VL - 53
JO - Journal of International Medical Research
JF - Journal of International Medical Research
IS - 2
ER -
