Fed-batch treatment attenuates diffusional limitation while preparing high solid microfibrillated cellulose from Gelidium amansii

This study investigates the effects of fed-batch treatment on the fibrillation degree and properties of Gelidium amansii-derived microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Fed-batch milling was conducted with the initial solid loading of 1 % w/v followed by three stages of feeding to obtain a final solid concentration of 5 % w/v. This process provides a high-solid MFC of around 10 %, while batch milling only provides the maximum solid loading of 4 %. It also reduces approximately 83 % power consumption of batch milling at the same solid loading (4 %). The obtained MFC 5 % has lower fibrils length (14.9 µm) and width (16.46 nm), but higher consistency index (>250 Pa.s) than MFC 1 % (22 µm, 21 nm, 5.88 Pa.s). The crystallinity and maximum decomposition temperatures of both MFCs are comparable, varying at 49–53 % and 318 °C–320 °C. In summary, fed-batch treatment is promising for the techno-economic development of MFC production by lowering energy and maintaining product quality.