Gene Expression of Late Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a highly embryogenic reaction to its regeneration potential through somatic embryogenesis using mature rice embryos depending on the genotype. These biological variables may offer deep understanding into rice breeding programs. In somatic embryogenesis, rice requires expression of SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK), LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) and WUSCHELL (WUS). Early somatic embryogenesis was thoroughly studied through these genes, while late somatic embryogenesis was not. In this study, we discovered that only OsSERK was significantly expressed in late somatic embryogenesis in rice, whereas OsWOX4 and OsLEC1 were absent or expressed at low levels using modified combination hormones, T1: no hormones (control); T2: 2 mg/L kinetin + 1 mg/L NAA, and T3: 2 mg/L kinetin + 1 mg/L BAP + 1 mg/L NAA. The OsSERK, OsLEC1, and OsWOX4 genes were expressed during late somatic embryogenesis on the days 28. GogoNiti II showed that combination of hormones responded positively to plant morphology after 45 days in plant regeneration. During late somatic embryogenesis research, rice regeneration is the most significant in vitro in specific rice cultivars and their epigenetic mechanisms. Also, callus cell sources can change rice to transform DNA inside cell growth.