Gossypetin Alleviates DSS-induced Colitis by Regulating COX2 and ROS-JNK Signaling

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) represents a chronic and recurrent inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract, with a rising global incidence. Current treatment approaches include surgery and drugs. However, surgeries are invasive procedures, while drug treatments often present with various side effects. Gossypetin, a flavonoid found abundantly in plants such as hibiscus, exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. However, its potential impact on IBD remains unexplored. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of gossypetin on colitis. Methods: We employed the DSS-induced colitis model to evaluate the therapeutic potential of gossypetin on colitis. The efficacy of gossypetin was assessed within this model using the Disease Activity Index (DAI) score and histological analysis. Additionally, we utilized qRT-PCR to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of tight junction markers, COX-2, and phosphorylated JNK protein, normally associated with disease progression. Furthermore, Western blot analysis was conducted to examine the SOD levels and anti-apoptotic effects of gossypetin. Results: In DSS-induced colitis mice, gossypetin treatment ameliorated weight loss and reduced colon length caused by DSS treatment. Additionally, gossypetin-treated groups exhibited DAI scores and reduced histological damage. Moreover, gossypetin treatment increased tight junction expression, decreased inflammatory responses, reduced ROS levels, attenuated JNK signaling, and decreased apoptosis. Conclusion: Gossypetin shows therapeutic potential for mitigating the symptoms and progression of colitis by targeting ROS–JNK signaling involved in inflammation and tissue damage. This highlights the potential of natural compounds such as gossypetin for targeted therapies with reduced side effects and improved efficacy.