TY - JOUR
T1 - Heavy Metal-Based Nanoparticles as High-Performance X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents
AU - Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen
AU - Liu, Shuwen
AU - Tegafaw, Tirusew
AU - Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al
AU - Zhao, Dejun
AU - Liu, Ying
AU - Nam, Sung Wook
AU - Chang, Yongmin
AU - Lee, Gang Ho
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/10
Y1 - 2023/10
N2 - X-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents offer extremely valuable tools and techniques in diagnostics via contrast enhancements. Heavy metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) can provide high contrast in CT images due to the high density of heavy metal atoms with high X-ray attenuation coefficients that exceed that of iodine (I), which is currently used in hydrophilic organic CT contrast agents. Nontoxicity and colloidal stability are vital characteristics in designing heavy metal-based NPs as CT contrast agents. In addition, a small particle size is desirable for in vivo renal excretion. In vitro phantom imaging studies have been performed to obtain X-ray attenuation efficiency, which is a critical parameter for CT contrast agents, and the imaging performance of CT contrast agents has been demonstrated via in vivo experiments. In this review, we focus on the in vitro and in vivo studies of various heavy metal-based NPs in pure metallic or chemical forms, including Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, Ce, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Ta, W, and Bi, and provide an outlook on their use as high-performance CT contrast agents.
AB - X-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents offer extremely valuable tools and techniques in diagnostics via contrast enhancements. Heavy metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) can provide high contrast in CT images due to the high density of heavy metal atoms with high X-ray attenuation coefficients that exceed that of iodine (I), which is currently used in hydrophilic organic CT contrast agents. Nontoxicity and colloidal stability are vital characteristics in designing heavy metal-based NPs as CT contrast agents. In addition, a small particle size is desirable for in vivo renal excretion. In vitro phantom imaging studies have been performed to obtain X-ray attenuation efficiency, which is a critical parameter for CT contrast agents, and the imaging performance of CT contrast agents has been demonstrated via in vivo experiments. In this review, we focus on the in vitro and in vivo studies of various heavy metal-based NPs in pure metallic or chemical forms, including Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, Ce, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Ta, W, and Bi, and provide an outlook on their use as high-performance CT contrast agents.
KW - contrast agents
KW - heavy metal-based nanoparticles
KW - in vitro phantom imaging
KW - in vivo imaging
KW - X-ray attenuation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85174896615&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ph16101463
DO - 10.3390/ph16101463
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85174896615
SN - 1424-8247
VL - 16
JO - Pharmaceuticals
JF - Pharmaceuticals
IS - 10
M1 - 1463
ER -