Hnrnp a1 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation by modulating vrk1 translation

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (HNRNP) A1 is the most abundant and ubiq-uitously expressed member of the HNRNP protein family. In recent years, it has become more evi-dent that HNRNP A1 contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the underlying role of HNRNP A1 in cancer development. Here, we report that HNRNP A1 expression is significantly increased in lung cancer tissues and is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with lung cancer. Additionally, HNRNP A1 positively regulates vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) translation via binding directly to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of VRK1 mRNA, thus increasing cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression by VRK1-mediated phosphoryla-tion of the cAMP response element–binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, HNRNP A1 binding to the cis-acting region of the 3′UTR of VRK1 mRNA contributes to increased lung cancer cell prolifer-ation. Thus, our study unveils a novel role of HNRNP A1 in lung carcinogenesis via post-transcrip-tional regulation of VRK1 expression and suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for patients with lung cancer.