Influence of alkaline earth oxides on Eu ³⁺ doped lithium borate glasses for photonic, laser and radiation detection material applications

50Li ₂ O - 20MO - (30-x)B ₂ O ₃ - xEu ₃ O ₃ where (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 glasses were prepared and characterized to study their physical & optical properties using spectroscopic measurements such as UV-Visible spectra, Luminescence spectra, Radio-Luminescence, X-Ray Luminescence etc. The electronic transitions in the UV-VIS and NIR regions are assigned to the ⁷ F ₀ → ⁵ L ₆ , ⁷ F ₀ → ⁵ D ₂ , ⁷ F ₀ → ⁵ D ₁ , ⁷ F ₀ → ⁷ F ₆ and ⁷ F ₁ → ⁷ F ₆ levels centered at 394, 465, 532, 2092 and 2202 nm due to their transitions from ⁷ F ₀ ground state to various excited states of Eu ³⁺ ions, respectively. Structural studies were analyzed using Raman Spectra. Five transition bands of luminescence spectra have been observed by using an excited wavelength of 394 nm. With five emission transitions of ⁵ D ₀ → ⁷ F ₀ , ⁵ D ₀ → ⁷ F ₁ , ⁵ D ₀ → ⁷ F ₂ , ⁵ D ₀ → ⁷ F ₃ and ⁵ D ₀ → ⁷ F ₄ as was reported previously in literature at 578, 591, 591, 614, 653 and 702 nm, respectively. The lower phonon energy (∼971 cm ⁻¹ ) and higher phonon side band intensity is observed at 5.0 mol% Eu ₂ O ₃ content doped LBaB glasses while higher phonon energy (∼1176 cm ⁻¹ ) and lower phonon intensity observed for 5.0 mol% Eu ₂ O ₃ content doped LMgB glasses. The chromaticity coordinates of Eu ³⁺ ions in all LiMOB glasses falls in the reddish orange region. The radioluminescence (RL), emission spectra were corresponding to those from PL measurements. From RL measurement, the integral scintillation efficiency of developed glass was determined at 11.2% when compared with BGO crystal.