Intrinsic energy and time resolution of the Jefferson Lab Hall C Neutral Particle Spectrometer

W. Hamdi; J. Crafts; H. Huang; Z. Huang; M. Kerver; M. Mathison; C. Ploen; A. Singh; T. Song; Y. P. Zhang; D. Adhikari; A. Ahmed; H. Albataineh; K. Aniol; A. Asaturyan; C. Ayerbe Gayoso; P. Bosted; E. Brash; A. Camsonne; J. Caylor; F. Chahili; J. P. Chen; J. A. Colorado-Caicedo; M. Conaway; C. Cotton; S. Covrig Dusa; P. Datta; M. Defurne; B. Devkota; M. Dlamini; D. Dutta; R. Ent; E. Fuchey; B. R. Gamage; D. Gaskell; P. Gautam; Y. Ghandilyan; C. Ghosh; T. Gogami; D. Hamilton; O. Hansen; M. Hashemi Shabestari; N. Heinrich; W. Henry; D. Higinbotham; I. Higuera Angulo; A. Hoghmrtsyan; T. Horn; G. M. Huber; C. E. Hyde; H. S. Jo; M. K. Jones; M. Junaid; N. Kalantarians; S. Kay; P. M. King; E. Kinney; S. K. Kundu; C. Lee; W. B. Li; S. Li; P. J. Lin; H. Liu; D. Mack; S. Malace; R. Marinaro; M. Mazouz; R. Michaels; A. Mkrtchyan; H. Mkrtchyan; B. Moffit; R. Montgomery; C. Morean; M. Niculescu; C. Muñoz Camacho; M. Nycz; J. O'Kronley; A. Panta; R. Paremuzyan; S. Park; P. Pichard; A. C. Postuma; J. Poudel; H. Presley; R. Reedy; J. Reinhold; J. Roche; D. Ruth; N. Santiesteban; A. Sen; Iu Skorodumina; H. Szumila-Vance; A. S. Tadepalli; B. Tamang; L. Tang; D. Upton; G. Villegas; H. Voskanyan; E. Voutier; B. Wojtsekhowski; S. Wood; E. Wrightson; Z. Ye; Z. H. Ye; X. Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2026.171323

Intrinsic energy and time resolution of the Jefferson Lab Hall C Neutral Particle Spectrometer

W. Hamdi
, J. Crafts
, H. Huang
, Z. Huang
, M. Kerver
, M. Mathison
, C. Ploen
, A. Singh
, T. Song
, Y. P. Zhang
, D. Adhikari
, A. Ahmed
, H. Albataineh
, K. Aniol
, A. Asaturyan
, C. Ayerbe Gayoso
, P. Bosted
, E. Brash
, A. Camsonne
, J. Caylor

F. Chahili, J. P. Chen, J. A. Colorado-Caicedo, M. Conaway, C. Cotton, S. Covrig Dusa, P. Datta, M. Defurne, B. Devkota, M. Dlamini, D. Dutta, R. Ent, E. Fuchey, B. R. Gamage, D. Gaskell, P. Gautam, Y. Ghandilyan, C. Ghosh, T. Gogami, D. Hamilton, O. Hansen, M. Hashemi Shabestari, N. Heinrich, W. Henry, D. Higinbotham, I. Higuera Angulo, A. Hoghmrtsyan, T. Horn, G. M. Huber, C. E. Hyde, H. S. Jo, M. K. Jones, M. Junaid, N. Kalantarians, S. Kay, P. M. King, E. Kinney, S. K. Kundu, C. Lee, W. B. Li, S. Li, P. J. Lin, H. Liu, D. Mack, S. Malace, R. Marinaro, M. Mazouz, R. Michaels, A. Mkrtchyan, H. Mkrtchyan, B. Moffit, R. Montgomery, C. Morean, M. Niculescu, C. Muñoz Camacho, M. Nycz, J. O'Kronley, A. Panta, R. Paremuzyan, S. Park, P. Pichard, A. C. Postuma, J. Poudel, H. Presley, R. Reedy, J. Reinhold, J. Roche, D. Ruth, N. Santiesteban, A. Sen, Iu Skorodumina, H. Szumila-Vance, A. S. Tadepalli, B. Tamang, L. Tang, D. Upton, G. Villegas, H. Voskanyan, E. Voutier, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. Wood, E. Wrightson, Z. Ye, Z. H. Ye, X. Zheng

University of Monastir
Catholic University of America
Université Paris-Saclay
Academia Sinica - Institute of Physics
University of Illinois at Chicago
Old Dominion University
Ohio University
Kyungpook National University
Tsinghua University
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
University of Virginia
Texas A&M University-Kingsville
California State University Los Angeles
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
College of William and Mary
Christopher Newport University
Syracuse University
Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
University of Connecticut
CEA Saclay
Mississippi State University
University of Eswatini
Kyoto University
University of Glasgow
University West of Florida
University of Regina
A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics
Virginia Union University
University of York
University of Colorado Boulder
Indiana University Bloomington
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
National Central University
James Madison University
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Nantes Université
Florida International University
University of New Hampshire
Hampton University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Neutral Particle Spectrometer (NPS) is an advanced calorimeter designed to measure neutral electromagnetic particles with high precision in energy, time, and position, under conditions of high luminosity and significant background. Integrated into the experimental setup of Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, the NPS plays a critical role in studies of nucleon structure through exclusive and semi-inclusive reaction channels. This paper presents an assessment of the detector's performance characteristics, specifically its energy and timing resolution, derived from elastic electron–proton scattering data. We report an energy resolution between 1.2% and 1.3% in the 4.5–7.3 GeV range, and an intrinsic timing resolution better than 200 ps for energies above 500 MeV. These results serve as a reference for current and future precision measurements in hadronic physics.

Original language	English
Article number	171323
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	1086
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2026.171323
State	Published - Jun 2026

Keywords

Detector performance
Elastic scattering
Electromagnetic calorimetry
Energy resolution
Hall C
Neutral Particle Spectrometer
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Time resolution

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10.1016/j.nima.2026.171323

Cite this

Hamdi, W., Crafts, J., Huang, H., Huang, Z., Kerver, M., Mathison, M., Ploen, C., Singh, A., Song, T., Zhang, Y. P., Adhikari, D., Ahmed, A., Albataineh, H., Aniol, K., Asaturyan, A., Ayerbe Gayoso, C., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Camsonne, A., ... Zheng, X. (2026). Intrinsic energy and time resolution of the Jefferson Lab Hall C Neutral Particle Spectrometer. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1086, Article 171323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2026.171323

@article{efd9e6c09be440b985f8161cc1f3c815,

title = "Intrinsic energy and time resolution of the Jefferson Lab Hall C Neutral Particle Spectrometer",

abstract = "The Neutral Particle Spectrometer (NPS) is an advanced calorimeter designed to measure neutral electromagnetic particles with high precision in energy, time, and position, under conditions of high luminosity and significant background. Integrated into the experimental setup of Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, the NPS plays a critical role in studies of nucleon structure through exclusive and semi-inclusive reaction channels. This paper presents an assessment of the detector's performance characteristics, specifically its energy and timing resolution, derived from elastic electron–proton scattering data. We report an energy resolution between 1.2\% and 1.3\% in the 4.5–7.3 GeV range, and an intrinsic timing resolution better than 200 ps for energies above 500 MeV. These results serve as a reference for current and future precision measurements in hadronic physics.",

keywords = "Detector performance, Elastic scattering, Electromagnetic calorimetry, Energy resolution, Hall C, Neutral Particle Spectrometer, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Time resolution",

author = "W. Hamdi and J. Crafts and H. Huang and Z. Huang and M. Kerver and M. Mathison and C. Ploen and A. Singh and T. Song and Zhang, \{Y. P.\} and D. Adhikari and A. Ahmed and H. Albataineh and K. Aniol and A. Asaturyan and \{Ayerbe Gayoso\}, C. and P. Bosted and E. Brash and A. Camsonne and J. Caylor and F. Chahili and Chen, \{J. P.\} and Colorado-Caicedo, \{J. A.\} and M. Conaway and C. Cotton and \{Covrig Dusa\}, S. and P. Datta and M. Defurne and B. Devkota and M. Dlamini and D. Dutta and R. Ent and E. Fuchey and Gamage, \{B. R.\} and D. Gaskell and P. Gautam and Y. Ghandilyan and C. Ghosh and T. Gogami and D. Hamilton and O. Hansen and \{Hashemi Shabestari\}, M. and N. Heinrich and W. Henry and D. Higinbotham and \{Higuera Angulo\}, I. and A. Hoghmrtsyan and T. Horn and Huber, \{G. M.\} and Hyde, \{C. E.\} and Jo, \{H. S.\} and Jones, \{M. K.\} and M. Junaid and N. Kalantarians and S. Kay and King, \{P. M.\} and E. Kinney and Kundu, \{S. K.\} and C. Lee and Li, \{W. B.\} and S. Li and Lin, \{P. J.\} and H. Liu and D. Mack and S. Malace and R. Marinaro and M. Mazouz and R. Michaels and A. Mkrtchyan and H. Mkrtchyan and B. Moffit and R. Montgomery and C. Morean and M. Niculescu and \{Mu{\~n}oz Camacho\}, C. and M. Nycz and J. O'Kronley and A. Panta and R. Paremuzyan and S. Park and P. Pichard and Postuma, \{A. C.\} and J. Poudel and H. Presley and R. Reedy and J. Reinhold and J. Roche and D. Ruth and N. Santiesteban and A. Sen and Iu Skorodumina and H. Szumila-Vance and Tadepalli, \{A. S.\} and B. Tamang and L. Tang and D. Upton and G. Villegas and H. Voskanyan and E. Voutier and B. Wojtsekhowski and S. Wood and E. Wrightson and Z. Ye and Ye, \{Z. H.\} and X. Zheng",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2026",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2026.171323",

language = "English",

volume = "1086",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

Hamdi, W, Crafts, J, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Kerver, M, Mathison, M, Ploen, C, Singh, A, Song, T, Zhang, YP, Adhikari, D, Ahmed, A, Albataineh, H, Aniol, K, Asaturyan, A, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bosted, P, Brash, E, Camsonne, A, Caylor, J, Chahili, F, Chen, JP, Colorado-Caicedo, JA, Conaway, M, Cotton, C, Covrig Dusa, S, Datta, P, Defurne, M, Devkota, B, Dlamini, M, Dutta, D, Ent, R, Fuchey, E, Gamage, BR, Gaskell, D, Gautam, P, Ghandilyan, Y, Ghosh, C, Gogami, T, Hamilton, D, Hansen, O, Hashemi Shabestari, M, Heinrich, N, Henry, W, Higinbotham, D, Higuera Angulo, I, Hoghmrtsyan, A, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Hyde, CE, Jo, HS, Jones, MK, Junaid, M, Kalantarians, N, Kay, S, King, PM, Kinney, E, Kundu, SK, Lee, C, Li, WB, Li, S, Lin, PJ, Liu, H, Mack, D, Malace, S, Marinaro, R, Mazouz, M, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Moffit, B, Montgomery, R, Morean, C, Niculescu, M, Muñoz Camacho, C, Nycz, M, O'Kronley, J, Panta, A, Paremuzyan, R, Park, S, Pichard, P, Postuma, AC, Poudel, J, Presley, H, Reedy, R, Reinhold, J, Roche, J, Ruth, D, Santiesteban, N, Sen, A, Skorodumina, I, Szumila-Vance, H, Tadepalli, AS, Tamang, B, Tang, L, Upton, D, Villegas, G, Voskanyan, H, Voutier, E, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, S, Wrightson, E, Ye, Z, Ye, ZH & Zheng, X 2026, 'Intrinsic energy and time resolution of the Jefferson Lab Hall C Neutral Particle Spectrometer', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 1086, 171323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2026.171323

TY - JOUR

T1 - Intrinsic energy and time resolution of the Jefferson Lab Hall C Neutral Particle Spectrometer

AU - Hamdi, W.

AU - Crafts, J.

AU - Huang, H.

AU - Huang, Z.

AU - Kerver, M.

AU - Mathison, M.

AU - Ploen, C.

AU - Singh, A.

AU - Song, T.

AU - Zhang, Y. P.

AU - Adhikari, D.

AU - Ahmed, A.

AU - Albataineh, H.

AU - Aniol, K.

AU - Asaturyan, A.

AU - Ayerbe Gayoso, C.

AU - Bosted, P.

AU - Brash, E.

AU - Camsonne, A.

AU - Caylor, J.

AU - Chahili, F.

AU - Chen, J. P.

AU - Colorado-Caicedo, J. A.

AU - Conaway, M.

AU - Cotton, C.

AU - Covrig Dusa, S.

AU - Datta, P.

AU - Defurne, M.

AU - Devkota, B.

AU - Dlamini, M.

AU - Dutta, D.

AU - Ent, R.

AU - Fuchey, E.

AU - Gamage, B. R.

AU - Gaskell, D.

AU - Gautam, P.

AU - Ghandilyan, Y.

AU - Ghosh, C.

AU - Gogami, T.

AU - Hamilton, D.

AU - Hansen, O.

AU - Hashemi Shabestari, M.

AU - Heinrich, N.

AU - Henry, W.

AU - Higinbotham, D.

AU - Higuera Angulo, I.

AU - Hoghmrtsyan, A.

AU - Horn, T.

AU - Huber, G. M.

AU - Hyde, C. E.

AU - Jo, H. S.

AU - Jones, M. K.

AU - Junaid, M.

AU - Kalantarians, N.

AU - Kay, S.

AU - King, P. M.

AU - Kinney, E.

AU - Kundu, S. K.

AU - Lee, C.

AU - Li, W. B.

AU - Li, S.

AU - Lin, P. J.

AU - Liu, H.

AU - Mack, D.

AU - Malace, S.

AU - Marinaro, R.

AU - Mazouz, M.

AU - Michaels, R.

AU - Mkrtchyan, A.

AU - Mkrtchyan, H.

AU - Moffit, B.

AU - Montgomery, R.

AU - Morean, C.

AU - Niculescu, M.

AU - Muñoz Camacho, C.

AU - Nycz, M.

AU - O'Kronley, J.

AU - Panta, A.

AU - Paremuzyan, R.

AU - Park, S.

AU - Pichard, P.

AU - Postuma, A. C.

AU - Poudel, J.

AU - Presley, H.

AU - Reedy, R.

AU - Reinhold, J.

AU - Roche, J.

AU - Ruth, D.

AU - Santiesteban, N.

AU - Sen, A.

AU - Skorodumina, Iu

AU - Szumila-Vance, H.

AU - Tadepalli, A. S.

AU - Tamang, B.

AU - Tang, L.

AU - Upton, D.

AU - Villegas, G.

AU - Voskanyan, H.

AU - Voutier, E.

AU - Wojtsekhowski, B.

AU - Wood, S.

AU - Wrightson, E.

AU - Ye, Z.

AU - Ye, Z. H.

AU - Zheng, X.

PY - 2026/6

Y1 - 2026/6

N2 - The Neutral Particle Spectrometer (NPS) is an advanced calorimeter designed to measure neutral electromagnetic particles with high precision in energy, time, and position, under conditions of high luminosity and significant background. Integrated into the experimental setup of Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, the NPS plays a critical role in studies of nucleon structure through exclusive and semi-inclusive reaction channels. This paper presents an assessment of the detector's performance characteristics, specifically its energy and timing resolution, derived from elastic electron–proton scattering data. We report an energy resolution between 1.2% and 1.3% in the 4.5–7.3 GeV range, and an intrinsic timing resolution better than 200 ps for energies above 500 MeV. These results serve as a reference for current and future precision measurements in hadronic physics.

AB - The Neutral Particle Spectrometer (NPS) is an advanced calorimeter designed to measure neutral electromagnetic particles with high precision in energy, time, and position, under conditions of high luminosity and significant background. Integrated into the experimental setup of Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, the NPS plays a critical role in studies of nucleon structure through exclusive and semi-inclusive reaction channels. This paper presents an assessment of the detector's performance characteristics, specifically its energy and timing resolution, derived from elastic electron–proton scattering data. We report an energy resolution between 1.2% and 1.3% in the 4.5–7.3 GeV range, and an intrinsic timing resolution better than 200 ps for energies above 500 MeV. These results serve as a reference for current and future precision measurements in hadronic physics.

KW - Detector performance

KW - Elastic scattering

KW - Electromagnetic calorimetry

KW - Energy resolution

KW - Hall C

KW - Neutral Particle Spectrometer

KW - Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

KW - Time resolution

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105028566516

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171323

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2026.171323

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105028566516

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 1086

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

M1 - 171323

ER -

Intrinsic energy and time resolution of the Jefferson Lab Hall C Neutral Particle Spectrometer

Abstract

Keywords

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