Investigation on luminescence properties and energy transfer of Gd³⁺ and Sm³⁺-doped phosphate glass for solid-state lighting

The physical and optical properties of glasses for solid-state lighting applications are being investigated. The melt quenching procedure at 1200 °C was used to create the Gd³⁺ and Sm³⁺ ions using doped phosphate-based glasses. Gd₂O₃ and Sm₂O₃ concentrations increased density, according to the findings. For the alteration in the glass, the intensity of molar volume rose, indicating the establishment of a non-bridging oxygen (NBO) network. The absorption spectra migrated from ⁶H_5/2, the ground state, to different states with wavelengths ranging from 300 to 1700 nm. When the energy transfer from the IH model is at its greatest at 11 mol% Gd³⁺ concentration, photoluminescence spectra exhibit four emission peaks ranging from ⁴G_9/2 to ⁶H_5/2, ⁶H_7/2, ⁶H_9/2, and ⁶H_11/2, respectively. The maximum photoluminescence spectra intensity was 1 mol% of Sm₂O₃, which was compared to bismuth germanium oxide (Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂; BGO) crystal at 10.33% by x-ray excitation. The color of orange emission is determined by the CIE 1931. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) parameter (Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6)) have been used by evaluated Judd-Ofelt theory and trend were Ω₄ > Ω₆ > Ω₂. As a result, doped phosphate base glasses with Gd³⁺ and Sm³⁺ ions have property requirements, and cost-cutting production is the best option for solid-state lighting applications.