Na₂O-Gd₂O₃-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅ glass scintillator doped with Dy³⁺: X-rays and proton responses

Dy³⁺:Na₂O-Al₂O₃-Gd₂O₃-P₂O₅ (Dy:NAGP) glasses were fabricated to investigate the capability for radiation responses. The influence of Dy₂O₃ concentration on glass properties was studied. The density and effective atomic number of glass increased with the addition of Dy₂O₃ content. The glasses absorbed the photons in the ultraviolet, visible light, and near-infrared region. In photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the obvious yellow emission at 574 nm and blue emission at 482 nm of Dy³⁺ were both generated by the direct excitation and the Gd-Dy energy transfer. The PL decay time of glasses was in the millisecond order. There was thermal quenching observed in temperature-dependent luminescence (TDL). The radioluminescence (RL) and protonluminescence (PrL) represented the emission pattern of Dy³⁺ similarly to PL spectra. The concentration quenching caused 0.50Dy:NAGP glass with the highest PL and RL emission intensity. The X-ray imaging of developed glass using a synchrotron light source was successfully imaged for the first time.