Notice of Removal: Design of a sparse array to simulate a fully dense underwater planar array transducer for underwater vehicles

Planar arrays comprising a two dimensional arrangement of elements have been extensively used in underwater applications for decades. The beam pattern of a planar array depends upon its aperture geometry. Further, the cost and complication of the underwater array system are highly dependent on the total number and geometry of the array elements, which is very important for underwater vehicles. A fully dense planar array transducer provides good imaging but has the limitations such as cross talk, high cost and complexity in fabrication. The drawbacks associated with the fully dense array transducer can be overcome by reducing the number of active elements of the array. Hence, in this work, a sparse planar array was designed to achieve the array performance equivalent to that of a fully dense array for underwater vehicle applications.