Occurrence and removal of engineered nanoparticles in drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment processes: A review

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are widely used in various industrial products and consumer goods, resulting in their widespread existence, particularly in natural water systems and water and wastewater treatment plants. Their presence in surface water for human consumption may severely harm human health. Therefore, this review examines new findings and developments in the removal technology of ENPs in drinking water and wastewater treatment processes since the publication of the literature by Park et al. [1]. By evaluating recent articles, this review investigates the occurrence of ENPs, discusses the transport of nanoparticles (NPs) in various drinking water and wastewater treatment processes, and draws corresponding practical conclusions. Moreover, this review provides brief suggestions and predictions for the future development of NP removal technologies in water and wastewater treatment plants.