On the limits of the hadronic energy resolution of calorimeters

Dual-readout and compensation are the principles to resolve the problem of hadron calorimeter which is the poor hadronic energy resolution caused by the fluctuations of the electromagnetic shower component and the binding energy loss. These principles have been proved experimentally for last several decades. However, the theoretical limits of the hadronic energy resolution of calorimeters which adopt the compensation or dual-readout is an intriguing question. In this talk, I explain the hadron shower physics for the better appreciation of the main reasons which cause the poor hadron performance of calorimeter, and present the limits of the hadronic energy resolution of the dual-readout and compensation calorimeters.