Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

G. F. Paraschos; J. Y. Kim; M. Wielgus; J. Röder; T. P. Krichbaum; E. Ros; I. Agudo; I. Myserlis; M. Moscibrodzka; E. Traianou; J. A. Zensus; L. Blackburn; C. K. Chan; S. Issaoun; M. Janssen; M. D. Johnson; V. L. Fish; K. Akiyama; A. Alberdi; W. Alef; J. C. Algaba; R. Anantua; K. Asada; R. Azulay; U. Bach; A. K. Baczko; D. Ball; M. Baloković; J. Barrett; M. Bauböck; B. A. Benson; D. Bintley; R. Blundell; K. L. Bouman; G. C. Bower; H. Boyce; M. Bremer; C. D. Brinkerink; R. Brissenden; S. Britzen; A. E. Broderick; D. Broguiere; T. Bronzwaer; S. Bustamante; D. Y. Byun; J. E. Carlstrom; C. Ceccobello; A. Chael; D. O. Chang; K. Chatterjee; S. Chatterjee; M. T. Chen; Y. Chen; X. Cheng; I. Cho; P. Christian; N. S. Conroy; J. E. Conway; J. M. Cordes; T. M. Crawford; G. B. Crew; A. Cruz-Osorio; Y. Cui; R. Dahale; J. Davelaar; M. De Laurentis; R. Deane; J. Dempsey; G. Desvignes; J. Dexter; V. Dhruv; S. S. Doeleman; S. Dougal; S. A. Dzib; R. P. Eatough; R. Emami; H. Falcke; J. Farah; E. Fomalont; H. A. Ford; M. Foschi; R. Fraga-Encinas; W. T. Freeman; P. Friberg; C. M. Fromm; A. Fuentes; P. Galison; C. F. Gammie; R. García; O. Gentaz; B. Georgiev; C. Goddi; R. Gold; A. I. Gómez-Ruiz; J. L. Gómez; M. Gu; M. Gurwell; K. Hada; D. Haggard; K. Haworth; M. H. Hecht; R. Hesper; D. Heumann; L. C. Ho; P. Ho; M. Honma; C. L. Huang; L. Huang; D. H. Hughes; S. Ikeda; C. M.V. Impellizzeri; M. Inoue; D. J. James; B. T. Jannuzi; B. Jeter; W. Jaing; A. Jiménez-Rosales; S. Jorstad; A. V. Joshi; T. Jung; M. Karami; R. Karuppusamy; T. Kawashima; G. K. Keating; M. Kettenis; D. J. Kim; J. Kim; J. Kim; M. Kino; J. Y. Koay; P. Kocherlakota; Y. Kofuji; P. M. Koch; S. Koyama; C. Kramer; J. A. Kramer; M. Kramer; C. Y. Kuo; N. La Bella; T. R. Lauer; D. Lee; S. S. Lee; P. K. Leung; A. Levis; Z. Li; R. Lico; G. Lindahl; M. Lindqvist; M. Lisakov; J. Liu; K. Liu; E. Liuzzo; W. P. Lo; A. P. Lobanov; L. Loinard; C. J. Lonsdale; A. E. Lowitz; R. S. Lu; N. R. MacDonald; J. Mao; N. Marchili; S. Markoff; D. P. Marrone; A. P. Marscher; I. Martí-Vidal; S. Matsushita; L. D. Matthews; L. Medeiros; K. M. Menten; D. Michalik; I. Mizuno; Y. Mizuno; J. M. Moran; K. Moriyama; W. Mulaudzi; C. Müller; H. Müller; A. Mus; G. Musoke; A. Nadolski; H. Nagai; N. M. Nagar; M. Nakamura; G. Narayanan; I. Natarajan; A. Nathanail; S. Navarro Fuentes; J. Neilsen; R. Neri; C. Ni; A. Noutsos; M. A. Nowak; J. Oh; H. Okino; H. Olivares; G. N. Ortiz-León; T. Oyama; F. ÖZel; D. C.M. Palumbo; J. Park; H. Parsons; N. Patel; U. L. Pen; V. Piétu; R. Plambeck; A. Popstefanija; O. Porth; F. M. Pötzl; B. Prather; J. A. Preciado-López; D. Psaltis; H. Y. Pu; V. Ramakrishnan; R. Rao; M. G. Rawlings; A. W. Raymond; L. Rezzolla; A. Ricarte; B. Ripperda; F. Roelofs; A. Rogers; C. Romero-Cañizales; A. Roshanineshat; H. Rottmann; A. L. Roy; I. Ruiz; C. Ruszczyk; K. L.J. Rygl; S. Sánchez; D. Sánchez-Argüelles; M. Sánchez-Portal; M. Sasada; K. Satapathy; T. Savolainen; F. P. Schloerb; J. Schonfeld; K. Schuster; L. Shao; Z. Shen; D. Small; B. W. Sohn; J. Soohoo; L. D. Sosapanta Salas; K. Souccar; H. Sun; F. Tazaki; A. J. Tetarenko; P. Tiede; R. P.J. Tilanus; M. Titus; P. Torne; T. Toscano; T. Trent; S. Trippe; M. Turk; I. Van Bemmel; H. J. Van Langevelde; D. R. Van Rossum; J. Vos; J. Wagner; D. Ward-Thompson; J. Wardle; J. E. Washington; J. Weintroub; R. Wharton; K. Wiik; G. Witzel; M. F. Wondrak; G. N. Wong; Q. Wu; N. Yadlapalli; P. Yamaguchi; A. Yfantis; D. Yoon; A. Young; K. Young; Z. Younsi; W. Yu; F. Yuan; Y. F. Yuan; S. Zhang; G. Y. Zhao; S. S. Zhao

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348308

Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

G. F. Paraschos
, J. Y. Kim
, M. Wielgus
, J. Röder
, T. P. Krichbaum
, E. Ros
, I. Agudo
, I. Myserlis
, M. Moscibrodzka
, E. Traianou
, J. A. Zensus
, L. Blackburn
, C. K. Chan
, S. Issaoun
, M. Janssen
, M. D. Johnson
, V. L. Fish
, K. Akiyama
, A. Alberdi
, W. Alef

J. C. Algaba, R. Anantua, K. Asada, R. Azulay, U. Bach, A. K. Baczko, D. Ball, M. Baloković, J. Barrett, M. Bauböck, B. A. Benson, D. Bintley, R. Blundell, K. L. Bouman, G. C. Bower, H. Boyce, M. Bremer, C. D. Brinkerink, R. Brissenden, S. Britzen, A. E. Broderick, D. Broguiere, T. Bronzwaer, S. Bustamante, D. Y. Byun, J. E. Carlstrom, C. Ceccobello, A. Chael, D. O. Chang, K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, M. T. Chen, Y. Chen, X. Cheng, I. Cho, P. Christian, N. S. Conroy, J. E. Conway, J. M. Cordes, T. M. Crawford, G. B. Crew, A. Cruz-Osorio, Y. Cui, R. Dahale, J. Davelaar, M. De Laurentis, R. Deane, J. Dempsey, G. Desvignes, J. Dexter, V. Dhruv, S. S. Doeleman, S. Dougal, S. A. Dzib, R. P. Eatough, R. Emami, H. Falcke, J. Farah, E. Fomalont, H. A. Ford, M. Foschi, R. Fraga-Encinas, W. T. Freeman, P. Friberg, C. M. Fromm, A. Fuentes, P. Galison, C. F. Gammie, R. García, O. Gentaz, B. Georgiev, C. Goddi, R. Gold, A. I. Gómez-Ruiz, J. L. Gómez, M. Gu, M. Gurwell, K. Hada, D. Haggard, K. Haworth, M. H. Hecht, R. Hesper, D. Heumann, L. C. Ho, P. Ho, M. Honma, C. L. Huang, L. Huang, D. H. Hughes, S. Ikeda, C. M.V. Impellizzeri, M. Inoue, D. J. James, B. T. Jannuzi, B. Jeter, W. Jaing, A. Jiménez-Rosales, S. Jorstad, A. V. Joshi, T. Jung, M. Karami, R. Karuppusamy, T. Kawashima, G. K. Keating, M. Kettenis, D. J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kino, J. Y. Koay, P. Kocherlakota, Y. Kofuji, P. M. Koch, S. Koyama, C. Kramer, J. A. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Y. Kuo, N. La Bella, T. R. Lauer, D. Lee, S. S. Lee, P. K. Leung, A. Levis, Z. Li, R. Lico, G. Lindahl, M. Lindqvist, M. Lisakov, J. Liu, K. Liu, E. Liuzzo, W. P. Lo, A. P. Lobanov, L. Loinard, C. J. Lonsdale, A. E. Lowitz, R. S. Lu, N. R. MacDonald, J. Mao, N. Marchili, S. Markoff, D. P. Marrone, A. P. Marscher, I. Martí-Vidal, S. Matsushita, L. D. Matthews, L. Medeiros, K. M. Menten, D. Michalik, I. Mizuno, Y. Mizuno, J. M. Moran, K. Moriyama, W. Mulaudzi, C. Müller, H. Müller, A. Mus, G. Musoke, A. Nadolski, H. Nagai, N. M. Nagar, M. Nakamura, G. Narayanan, I. Natarajan, A. Nathanail, S. Navarro Fuentes, J. Neilsen, R. Neri, C. Ni, A. Noutsos, M. A. Nowak, J. Oh, H. Okino, H. Olivares, G. N. Ortiz-León, T. Oyama, F. ÖZel, D. C.M. Palumbo, J. Park, H. Parsons, N. Patel, U. L. Pen, V. Piétu, R. Plambeck, A. Popstefanija, O. Porth, F. M. Pötzl, B. Prather, J. A. Preciado-López, D. Psaltis, H. Y. Pu, V. Ramakrishnan, R. Rao, M. G. Rawlings, A. W. Raymond, L. Rezzolla, A. Ricarte, B. Ripperda, F. Roelofs, A. Rogers, C. Romero-Cañizales, A. Roshanineshat, H. Rottmann, A. L. Roy, I. Ruiz, C. Ruszczyk, K. L.J. Rygl, S. Sánchez, D. Sánchez-Argüelles, M. Sánchez-Portal, M. Sasada, K. Satapathy, T. Savolainen, F. P. Schloerb, J. Schonfeld, K. Schuster, L. Shao, Z. Shen, D. Small, B. W. Sohn, J. Soohoo, L. D. Sosapanta Salas, K. Souccar, H. Sun, F. Tazaki, A. J. Tetarenko, P. Tiede, R. P.J. Tilanus, M. Titus, P. Torne, T. Toscano, T. Trent, S. Trippe, M. Turk, I. Van Bemmel, H. J. Van Langevelde, D. R. Van Rossum, J. Vos, J. Wagner, D. Ward-Thompson, J. Wardle, J. E. Washington, J. Weintroub, R. Wharton, K. Wiik, G. Witzel, M. F. Wondrak, G. N. Wong, Q. Wu, N. Yadlapalli, P. Yamaguchi, A. Yfantis, D. Yoon, A. Young, K. Young, Z. Younsi, W. Yu, F. Yuan, Y. F. Yuan, S. Zhang, G. Y. Zhao, S. S. Zhao

School of Earth System Sciences

Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Kyungpook National University
Silesian University in Opava
CSIC - Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Radboud University Nijmegen
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
University of Arizona
NASA Hubble Fellowship Program
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
University of Malaya
University of Texas at San Antonio
Academia Sinica - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics
University of Valencia
Chalmers University of Technology
Yale University
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The University of Chicago
East Asian Observatory
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)
California Institute of Technology
University of Hawai'i at Mānoa
McGill University
Trottier Space Institute at McGill
Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
University of Waterloo
University of Massachusetts
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology UST
Princeton University
Cornell University
CAS - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fairfield University
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Goethe University Frankfurt
Zhejiang Lab
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Columbia University
Simons Foundation
University of Naples Federico II
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
University of the Witwatersrand
University of Pretoria
Rhodes University
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Observatoire de Paris
JILA
CAS - National Astronomical Observatories
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc.
University of California at Santa Barbara
National Science Foundation
Alphabet Inc.
University of Würzburg
Universidade de São Paulo
University of Cagliari
National Institute for Astrophysics
University of Southern Denmark
Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
University of Groningen
Peking University
The University of Tokyo
Research Organization of Information and Systems, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
Leiden University
ASTRAVEO LLC
Boston University
Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE)
Kogakuin University
Niigata University
National Sun Yat-sen University
National Optical Astronomy Observatory
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Nanjing University
National Taiwan University
University of Amsterdam
ESTEC
Universidad de Concepción
National Institute of Technology
Academy of Athens
Villanova University
Washington University St. Louis
Georgia Institute of Technology
Kyung Hee University
University of Toronto
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
University of California at Berkeley
Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
National Taiwan Normal University
University of Turku
Aalto University
Gemini Observatory
Trinity College Dublin
Institute of Science Tokyo
Hiroshima University
Yonsei University
University of Lethbridge
The Dutch Research Council
Seoul National University
University of New Mexico
University of Central Lancashire
Brandeis University
Institute for Advanced Studies
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
University College London
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Science and Technology of China
Michigan State University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

24 Scopus citations

Abstract

Context. 3C 84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86 GHz. Aims. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the currently highest available frequency of 228 GHz, we aim to perform a direct detection of compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C 84. Methods. We used Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 228 GHz observations and, given the limited (u, v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. Furthermore, we employed quasi-simultaneously observed, ancillary multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. Results. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, supermassive black hole of 3C 84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We also determined a turnover frequency of ν_m = (113 ± 4) GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of B_SSA = (2.9 ± 1.6) G, and an equipartition magnetic field of B_eq = (5.2 ± 0.6) G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object (m_net = (17.0 ± 3.9)%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228 GHz. We used these findings to test existing models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C 84. Conclusions. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C 84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u, v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored. Our upcoming work using new EHT data, which offer full imaging capabilities, will shed more light on the compact region of 3C 84.

Original language	English
Article number	L3
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	682
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348308
State	Published - 1 Feb 2024

Keywords

Galaxies: active
Galaxies: individual: NGC 1275
Galaxies: jets
Techniques: high angular resolution
Techniques: interferometric

Access to Document

10.1051/0004-6361/202348308

Cite this

Paraschos, G. F., Kim, J. Y., Wielgus, M., Röder, J., Krichbaum, T. P., Ros, E., Agudo, I., Myserlis, I., Moscibrodzka, M., Traianou, E., Zensus, J. A., Blackburn, L., Chan, C. K., Issaoun, S., Janssen, M., Johnson, M. D., Fish, V. L., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., ... Zhao, S. S. (2024). Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 682, Article L3. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348308

@article{8074c5407ab1403cbe1f69b225ed11c4,

title = "Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole",

abstract = "Context. 3C 84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86 GHz. Aims. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the currently highest available frequency of 228 GHz, we aim to perform a direct detection of compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C 84. Methods. We used Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 228 GHz observations and, given the limited (u, v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. Furthermore, we employed quasi-simultaneously observed, ancillary multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. Results. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, supermassive black hole of 3C 84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We also determined a turnover frequency of νm = (113 ± 4) GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of BSSA = (2.9 ± 1.6) G, and an equipartition magnetic field of Beq = (5.2 ± 0.6) G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object (mnet = (17.0 ± 3.9)\%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228 GHz. We used these findings to test existing models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C 84. Conclusions. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C 84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u, v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored. Our upcoming work using new EHT data, which offer full imaging capabilities, will shed more light on the compact region of 3C 84.",

keywords = "Galaxies: active, Galaxies: individual: NGC 1275, Galaxies: jets, Techniques: high angular resolution, Techniques: interferometric",

author = "Paraschos, \{G. F.\} and Kim, \{J. Y.\} and M. Wielgus and J. R{\"o}der and Krichbaum, \{T. P.\} and E. Ros and I. Agudo and I. Myserlis and M. Moscibrodzka and E. Traianou and Zensus, \{J. A.\} and L. Blackburn and Chan, \{C. K.\} and S. Issaoun and M. Janssen and Johnson, \{M. D.\} and Fish, \{V. L.\} and K. Akiyama and A. Alberdi and W. Alef and Algaba, \{J. C.\} and R. Anantua and K. Asada and R. Azulay and U. Bach and Baczko, \{A. K.\} and D. Ball and M. Balokovi{\'c} and J. Barrett and M. Baub{\"o}ck and Benson, \{B. A.\} and D. Bintley and R. Blundell and Bouman, \{K. L.\} and Bower, \{G. C.\} and H. Boyce and M. Bremer and Brinkerink, \{C. D.\} and R. Brissenden and S. Britzen and Broderick, \{A. E.\} and D. Broguiere and T. Bronzwaer and S. Bustamante and Byun, \{D. Y.\} and Carlstrom, \{J. E.\} and C. Ceccobello and A. Chael and Chang, \{D. O.\} and K. Chatterjee and S. Chatterjee and Chen, \{M. T.\} and Y. Chen and X. Cheng and I. Cho and P. Christian and Conroy, \{N. S.\} and Conway, \{J. E.\} and Cordes, \{J. M.\} and Crawford, \{T. M.\} and Crew, \{G. B.\} and A. Cruz-Osorio and Y. Cui and R. Dahale and J. Davelaar and \{De Laurentis\}, M. and R. Deane and J. Dempsey and G. Desvignes and J. Dexter and V. Dhruv and Doeleman, \{S. S.\} and S. Dougal and Dzib, \{S. A.\} and Eatough, \{R. P.\} and R. Emami and H. Falcke and J. Farah and E. Fomalont and Ford, \{H. A.\} and M. Foschi and R. Fraga-Encinas and Freeman, \{W. T.\} and P. Friberg and Fromm, \{C. M.\} and A. Fuentes and P. Galison and Gammie, \{C. F.\} and R. Garc{\'i}a and O. Gentaz and B. Georgiev and C. Goddi and R. Gold and G{\'o}mez-Ruiz, \{A. I.\} and G{\'o}mez, \{J. L.\} and M. Gu and M. Gurwell and K. Hada and D. Haggard and K. Haworth and Hecht, \{M. H.\} and R. Hesper and D. Heumann and Ho, \{L. C.\} and P. Ho and M. Honma and Huang, \{C. L.\} and L. Huang and Hughes, \{D. H.\} and S. Ikeda and Impellizzeri, \{C. M.V.\} and M. Inoue and James, \{D. J.\} and Jannuzi, \{B. T.\} and B. Jeter and W. Jaing and A. Jim{\'e}nez-Rosales and S. Jorstad and Joshi, \{A. V.\} and T. Jung and M. Karami and R. Karuppusamy and T. Kawashima and Keating, \{G. K.\} and M. Kettenis and Kim, \{D. J.\} and J. Kim and J. Kim and M. Kino and Koay, \{J. Y.\} and P. Kocherlakota and Y. Kofuji and Koch, \{P. M.\} and S. Koyama and C. Kramer and Kramer, \{J. A.\} and M. Kramer and Kuo, \{C. Y.\} and \{La Bella\}, N. and Lauer, \{T. R.\} and D. Lee and Lee, \{S. S.\} and Leung, \{P. K.\} and A. Levis and Z. Li and R. Lico and G. Lindahl and M. Lindqvist and M. Lisakov and J. Liu and K. Liu and E. Liuzzo and Lo, \{W. P.\} and Lobanov, \{A. P.\} and L. Loinard and Lonsdale, \{C. J.\} and Lowitz, \{A. E.\} and Lu, \{R. S.\} and MacDonald, \{N. R.\} and J. Mao and N. Marchili and S. Markoff and Marrone, \{D. P.\} and Marscher, \{A. P.\} and I. Mart{\'i}-Vidal and S. Matsushita and Matthews, \{L. D.\} and L. Medeiros and Menten, \{K. M.\} and D. Michalik and I. Mizuno and Y. Mizuno and Moran, \{J. M.\} and K. Moriyama and W. Mulaudzi and C. M{\"u}ller and H. M{\"u}ller and A. Mus and G. Musoke and A. Nadolski and H. Nagai and Nagar, \{N. M.\} and M. Nakamura and G. Narayanan and I. Natarajan and A. Nathanail and \{Navarro Fuentes\}, S. and J. Neilsen and R. Neri and C. Ni and A. Noutsos and Nowak, \{M. A.\} and J. Oh and H. Okino and H. Olivares and Ortiz-Le{\'o}n, \{G. N.\} and T. Oyama and F. {\"O}Zel and Palumbo, \{D. C.M.\} and J. Park and H. Parsons and N. Patel and Pen, \{U. L.\} and V. Pi{\'e}tu and R. Plambeck and A. Popstefanija and O. Porth and P{\"o}tzl, \{F. M.\} and B. Prather and Preciado-L{\'o}pez, \{J. A.\} and D. Psaltis and Pu, \{H. Y.\} and V. Ramakrishnan and R. Rao and Rawlings, \{M. G.\} and Raymond, \{A. W.\} and L. Rezzolla and A. Ricarte and B. Ripperda and F. Roelofs and A. Rogers and C. Romero-Ca{\~n}izales and A. Roshanineshat and H. Rottmann and Roy, \{A. L.\} and I. Ruiz and C. Ruszczyk and Rygl, \{K. L.J.\} and S. S{\'a}nchez and D. S{\'a}nchez-Arg{\"u}elles and M. S{\'a}nchez-Portal and M. Sasada and K. Satapathy and T. Savolainen and Schloerb, \{F. P.\} and J. Schonfeld and K. Schuster and L. Shao and Z. Shen and D. Small and Sohn, \{B. W.\} and J. Soohoo and \{Sosapanta Salas\}, \{L. D.\} and K. Souccar and H. Sun and F. Tazaki and Tetarenko, \{A. J.\} and P. Tiede and Tilanus, \{R. P.J.\} and M. Titus and P. Torne and T. Toscano and T. Trent and S. Trippe and M. Turk and \{Van Bemmel\}, I. and \{Van Langevelde\}, \{H. J.\} and \{Van Rossum\}, \{D. R.\} and J. Vos and J. Wagner and D. Ward-Thompson and J. Wardle and Washington, \{J. E.\} and J. Weintroub and R. Wharton and K. Wiik and G. Witzel and Wondrak, \{M. F.\} and Wong, \{G. N.\} and Q. Wu and N. Yadlapalli and P. Yamaguchi and A. Yfantis and D. Yoon and A. Young and K. Young and Z. Younsi and W. Yu and F. Yuan and Yuan, \{Y. F.\} and S. Zhang and Zhao, \{G. Y.\} and Zhao, \{S. S.\}",

year = "2024",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202348308",

language = "English",

volume = "682",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Paraschos, GF, Kim, JY, Wielgus, M, Röder, J, Krichbaum, TP, Ros, E, Agudo, I, Myserlis, I, Moscibrodzka, M, Traianou, E, Zensus, JA, Blackburn, L, Chan, CK, Issaoun, S, Janssen, M, Johnson, MD, Fish, VL, Akiyama, K, Alberdi, A, Alef, W, Algaba, JC, Anantua, R, Asada, K, Azulay, R, Bach, U, Baczko, AK, Ball, D, Baloković, M, Barrett, J, Bauböck, M, Benson, BA, Bintley, D, Blundell, R, Bouman, KL, Bower, GC, Boyce, H, Bremer, M, Brinkerink, CD, Brissenden, R, Britzen, S, Broderick, AE, Broguiere, D, Bronzwaer, T, Bustamante, S, Byun, DY, Carlstrom, JE, Ceccobello, C, Chael, A, Chang, DO, Chatterjee, K, Chatterjee, S, Chen, MT, Chen, Y, Cheng, X, Cho, I, Christian, P, Conroy, NS, Conway, JE, Cordes, JM, Crawford, TM, Crew, GB, Cruz-Osorio, A, Cui, Y, Dahale, R, Davelaar, J, De Laurentis, M, Deane, R, Dempsey, J, Desvignes, G, Dexter, J, Dhruv, V, Doeleman, SS, Dougal, S, Dzib, SA, Eatough, RP, Emami, R, Falcke, H, Farah, J, Fomalont, E, Ford, HA, Foschi, M, Fraga-Encinas, R, Freeman, WT, Friberg, P, Fromm, CM, Fuentes, A, Galison, P, Gammie, CF, García, R, Gentaz, O, Georgiev, B, Goddi, C, Gold, R, Gómez-Ruiz, AI, Gómez, JL, Gu, M, Gurwell, M, Hada, K, Haggard, D, Haworth, K, Hecht, MH, Hesper, R, Heumann, D, Ho, LC, Ho, P, Honma, M, Huang, CL, Huang, L, Hughes, DH, Ikeda, S, Impellizzeri, CMV, Inoue, M, James, DJ, Jannuzi, BT, Jeter, B, Jaing, W, Jiménez-Rosales, A, Jorstad, S, Joshi, AV, Jung, T, Karami, M, Karuppusamy, R, Kawashima, T, Keating, GK, Kettenis, M, Kim, DJ, Kim, J, Kim, J, Kino, M, Koay, JY, Kocherlakota, P, Kofuji, Y, Koch, PM, Koyama, S, Kramer, C, Kramer, JA, Kramer, M, Kuo, CY, La Bella, N, Lauer, TR, Lee, D, Lee, SS, Leung, PK, Levis, A, Li, Z, Lico, R, Lindahl, G, Lindqvist, M, Lisakov, M, Liu, J, Liu, K, Liuzzo, E, Lo, WP, Lobanov, AP, Loinard, L, Lonsdale, CJ, Lowitz, AE, Lu, RS, MacDonald, NR, Mao, J, Marchili, N, Markoff, S, Marrone, DP, Marscher, AP, Martí-Vidal, I, Matsushita, S, Matthews, LD, Medeiros, L, Menten, KM, Michalik, D, Mizuno, I, Mizuno, Y, Moran, JM, Moriyama, K, Mulaudzi, W, Müller, C, Müller, H, Mus, A, Musoke, G, Nadolski, A, Nagai, H, Nagar, NM, Nakamura, M, Narayanan, G, Natarajan, I, Nathanail, A, Navarro Fuentes, S, Neilsen, J, Neri, R, Ni, C, Noutsos, A, Nowak, MA, Oh, J, Okino, H, Olivares, H, Ortiz-León, GN, Oyama, T, ÖZel, F, Palumbo, DCM, Park, J, Parsons, H, Patel, N, Pen, UL, Piétu, V, Plambeck, R, Popstefanija, A, Porth, O, Pötzl, FM, Prather, B, Preciado-López, JA, Psaltis, D, Pu, HY, Ramakrishnan, V, Rao, R, Rawlings, MG, Raymond, AW, Rezzolla, L, Ricarte, A, Ripperda, B, Roelofs, F, Rogers, A, Romero-Cañizales, C, Roshanineshat, A, Rottmann, H, Roy, AL, Ruiz, I, Ruszczyk, C, Rygl, KLJ, Sánchez, S, Sánchez-Argüelles, D, Sánchez-Portal, M, Sasada, M, Satapathy, K, Savolainen, T, Schloerb, FP, Schonfeld, J, Schuster, K, Shao, L, Shen, Z, Small, D, Sohn, BW, Soohoo, J, Sosapanta Salas, LD, Souccar, K, Sun, H, Tazaki, F, Tetarenko, AJ, Tiede, P, Tilanus, RPJ, Titus, M, Torne, P, Toscano, T, Trent, T, Trippe, S, Turk, M, Van Bemmel, I, Van Langevelde, HJ, Van Rossum, DR, Vos, J, Wagner, J, Ward-Thompson, D, Wardle, J, Washington, JE, Weintroub, J, Wharton, R, Wiik, K, Witzel, G, Wondrak, MF, Wong, GN, Wu, Q, Yadlapalli, N, Yamaguchi, P, Yfantis, A, Yoon, D, Young, A, Young, K, Younsi, Z, Yu, W, Yuan, F, Yuan, YF, Zhang, S, Zhao, GY & Zhao, SS 2024, 'Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 682, L3. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348308

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

AU - Paraschos, G. F.

AU - Kim, J. Y.

AU - Wielgus, M.

AU - Röder, J.

AU - Krichbaum, T. P.

AU - Ros, E.

AU - Agudo, I.

AU - Myserlis, I.

AU - Moscibrodzka, M.

AU - Traianou, E.

AU - Zensus, J. A.

AU - Blackburn, L.

AU - Chan, C. K.

AU - Issaoun, S.

AU - Janssen, M.

AU - Johnson, M. D.

AU - Fish, V. L.

AU - Akiyama, K.

AU - Alberdi, A.

AU - Alef, W.

AU - Algaba, J. C.

AU - Anantua, R.

AU - Asada, K.

AU - Azulay, R.

AU - Bach, U.

AU - Baczko, A. K.

AU - Ball, D.

AU - Baloković, M.

AU - Barrett, J.

AU - Bauböck, M.

AU - Benson, B. A.

AU - Bintley, D.

AU - Blundell, R.

AU - Bouman, K. L.

AU - Bower, G. C.

AU - Boyce, H.

AU - Bremer, M.

AU - Brinkerink, C. D.

AU - Brissenden, R.

AU - Britzen, S.

AU - Broderick, A. E.

AU - Broguiere, D.

AU - Bronzwaer, T.

AU - Bustamante, S.

AU - Byun, D. Y.

AU - Carlstrom, J. E.

AU - Ceccobello, C.

AU - Chael, A.

AU - Chang, D. O.

AU - Chatterjee, K.

AU - Chatterjee, S.

AU - Chen, M. T.

AU - Chen, Y.

AU - Cheng, X.

AU - Cho, I.

AU - Christian, P.

AU - Conroy, N. S.

AU - Conway, J. E.

AU - Cordes, J. M.

AU - Crawford, T. M.

AU - Crew, G. B.

AU - Cruz-Osorio, A.

AU - Cui, Y.

AU - Dahale, R.

AU - Davelaar, J.

AU - De Laurentis, M.

AU - Deane, R.

AU - Dempsey, J.

AU - Desvignes, G.

AU - Dexter, J.

AU - Dhruv, V.

AU - Doeleman, S. S.

AU - Dougal, S.

AU - Dzib, S. A.

AU - Eatough, R. P.

AU - Emami, R.

AU - Falcke, H.

AU - Farah, J.

AU - Fomalont, E.

AU - Ford, H. A.

AU - Foschi, M.

AU - Fraga-Encinas, R.

AU - Freeman, W. T.

AU - Friberg, P.

AU - Fromm, C. M.

AU - Fuentes, A.

AU - Galison, P.

AU - Gammie, C. F.

AU - García, R.

AU - Gentaz, O.

AU - Georgiev, B.

AU - Goddi, C.

AU - Gold, R.

AU - Gómez-Ruiz, A. I.

AU - Gómez, J. L.

AU - Gu, M.

AU - Gurwell, M.

AU - Hada, K.

AU - Haggard, D.

AU - Haworth, K.

AU - Hecht, M. H.

AU - Hesper, R.

AU - Heumann, D.

AU - Ho, L. C.

AU - Ho, P.

AU - Honma, M.

AU - Huang, C. L.

AU - Huang, L.

AU - Hughes, D. H.

AU - Ikeda, S.

AU - Impellizzeri, C. M.V.

AU - Inoue, M.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Jannuzi, B. T.

AU - Jeter, B.

AU - Jaing, W.

AU - Jiménez-Rosales, A.

AU - Jorstad, S.

AU - Joshi, A. V.

AU - Jung, T.

AU - Karami, M.

AU - Karuppusamy, R.

AU - Kawashima, T.

AU - Keating, G. K.

AU - Kettenis, M.

AU - Kim, D. J.

AU - Kim, J.

AU - Kino, M.

AU - Koay, J. Y.

AU - Kocherlakota, P.

AU - Kofuji, Y.

AU - Koch, P. M.

AU - Koyama, S.

AU - Kramer, C.

AU - Kramer, J. A.

AU - Kramer, M.

AU - Kuo, C. Y.

AU - La Bella, N.

AU - Lauer, T. R.

AU - Lee, D.

AU - Lee, S. S.

AU - Leung, P. K.

AU - Levis, A.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Lico, R.

AU - Lindahl, G.

AU - Lindqvist, M.

AU - Lisakov, M.

AU - Liu, J.

AU - Liu, K.

AU - Liuzzo, E.

AU - Lo, W. P.

AU - Lobanov, A. P.

AU - Loinard, L.

AU - Lonsdale, C. J.

AU - Lowitz, A. E.

AU - Lu, R. S.

AU - MacDonald, N. R.

AU - Mao, J.

AU - Marchili, N.

AU - Markoff, S.

AU - Marrone, D. P.

AU - Marscher, A. P.

AU - Martí-Vidal, I.

AU - Matsushita, S.

AU - Matthews, L. D.

AU - Medeiros, L.

AU - Menten, K. M.

AU - Michalik, D.

AU - Mizuno, I.

AU - Mizuno, Y.

AU - Moran, J. M.

AU - Moriyama, K.

AU - Mulaudzi, W.

AU - Müller, C.

AU - Müller, H.

AU - Mus, A.

AU - Musoke, G.

AU - Nadolski, A.

AU - Nagai, H.

AU - Nagar, N. M.

AU - Nakamura, M.

AU - Narayanan, G.

AU - Natarajan, I.

AU - Nathanail, A.

AU - Navarro Fuentes, S.

AU - Neilsen, J.

AU - Neri, R.

AU - Ni, C.

AU - Noutsos, A.

AU - Nowak, M. A.

AU - Oh, J.

AU - Okino, H.

AU - Olivares, H.

AU - Ortiz-León, G. N.

AU - Oyama, T.

AU - ÖZel, F.

AU - Palumbo, D. C.M.

AU - Park, J.

AU - Parsons, H.

AU - Patel, N.

AU - Pen, U. L.

AU - Piétu, V.

AU - Plambeck, R.

AU - Popstefanija, A.

AU - Porth, O.

AU - Pötzl, F. M.

AU - Prather, B.

AU - Preciado-López, J. A.

AU - Psaltis, D.

AU - Pu, H. Y.

AU - Ramakrishnan, V.

AU - Rao, R.

AU - Rawlings, M. G.

AU - Raymond, A. W.

AU - Rezzolla, L.

AU - Ricarte, A.

AU - Ripperda, B.

AU - Roelofs, F.

AU - Rogers, A.

AU - Romero-Cañizales, C.

AU - Roshanineshat, A.

AU - Rottmann, H.

AU - Roy, A. L.

AU - Ruiz, I.

AU - Ruszczyk, C.

AU - Rygl, K. L.J.

AU - Sánchez, S.

AU - Sánchez-Argüelles, D.

AU - Sánchez-Portal, M.

AU - Sasada, M.

AU - Satapathy, K.

AU - Savolainen, T.

AU - Schloerb, F. P.

AU - Schonfeld, J.

AU - Schuster, K.

AU - Shao, L.

AU - Shen, Z.

AU - Small, D.

AU - Sohn, B. W.

AU - Soohoo, J.

AU - Sosapanta Salas, L. D.

AU - Souccar, K.

AU - Sun, H.

AU - Tazaki, F.

AU - Tetarenko, A. J.

AU - Tiede, P.

AU - Tilanus, R. P.J.

AU - Titus, M.

AU - Torne, P.

AU - Toscano, T.

AU - Trent, T.

AU - Trippe, S.

AU - Turk, M.

AU - Van Bemmel, I.

AU - Van Langevelde, H. J.

AU - Van Rossum, D. R.

AU - Vos, J.

AU - Wagner, J.

AU - Ward-Thompson, D.

AU - Wardle, J.

AU - Washington, J. E.

AU - Weintroub, J.

AU - Wharton, R.

AU - Wiik, K.

AU - Witzel, G.

AU - Wondrak, M. F.

AU - Wong, G. N.

AU - Wu, Q.

AU - Yadlapalli, N.

AU - Yamaguchi, P.

AU - Yfantis, A.

AU - Yoon, D.

AU - Young, A.

AU - Young, K.

AU - Younsi, Z.

AU - Yu, W.

AU - Yuan, F.

AU - Yuan, Y. F.

AU - Zhang, S.

AU - Zhao, G. Y.

AU - Zhao, S. S.

PY - 2024/2/1

Y1 - 2024/2/1

N2 - Context. 3C 84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86 GHz. Aims. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the currently highest available frequency of 228 GHz, we aim to perform a direct detection of compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C 84. Methods. We used Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 228 GHz observations and, given the limited (u, v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. Furthermore, we employed quasi-simultaneously observed, ancillary multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. Results. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, supermassive black hole of 3C 84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We also determined a turnover frequency of νm = (113 ± 4) GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of BSSA = (2.9 ± 1.6) G, and an equipartition magnetic field of Beq = (5.2 ± 0.6) G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object (mnet = (17.0 ± 3.9)%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228 GHz. We used these findings to test existing models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C 84. Conclusions. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C 84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u, v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored. Our upcoming work using new EHT data, which offer full imaging capabilities, will shed more light on the compact region of 3C 84.

AB - Context. 3C 84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86 GHz. Aims. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the currently highest available frequency of 228 GHz, we aim to perform a direct detection of compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C 84. Methods. We used Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 228 GHz observations and, given the limited (u, v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. Furthermore, we employed quasi-simultaneously observed, ancillary multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. Results. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, supermassive black hole of 3C 84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We also determined a turnover frequency of νm = (113 ± 4) GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of BSSA = (2.9 ± 1.6) G, and an equipartition magnetic field of Beq = (5.2 ± 0.6) G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object (mnet = (17.0 ± 3.9)%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228 GHz. We used these findings to test existing models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C 84. Conclusions. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C 84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u, v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored. Our upcoming work using new EHT data, which offer full imaging capabilities, will shed more light on the compact region of 3C 84.

KW - Galaxies: active

KW - Galaxies: individual: NGC 1275

KW - Galaxies: jets

KW - Techniques: high angular resolution

KW - Techniques: interferometric

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85184837669

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202348308

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202348308

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85184837669

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 682

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - L3

ER -

Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

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