Performance analysis of mobile optical system using finite-difference time-domain method

The reduction of pixel size in an image sensor close to the diffraction limit poses a problem when analyzing the performance of a mobile optical system. Problems such as the optimization of a microlens on a pixel should be solved on the nanoscale. In this work, a hybrid method was used based on both the beam propagation and finite-difference time-domain methods. This hybrid method allowed for the calculation of the energy efficiency and crosstalk of a pixel as a function of the lens parameters for the optimization of the microlens design.