TY - JOUR
T1 - Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles
T2 - Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities
AU - Liu, Shuwen
AU - Yue, Huan
AU - Ho, Son Long
AU - Kim, Soyeon
AU - Park, Ji Ae
AU - Tegafaw, Tirusew
AU - Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen
AU - Kim, Seungho
AU - Al Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali
AU - Zhao, Dejun
AU - Liu, Ying
AU - Nam, Sung Wook
AU - Chae, Kwon Seok
AU - Chang, Yongmin
AU - Lee, Gang Ho
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/5/1
Y1 - 2022/5/1
N2 - Water proton spin relaxivities, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility of nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents depend on surface-coating ligands. In this study, hydrophilic and biocompatible polyethylenimines (PEIs) of different sizes (Mn = 1200 and 60,000 amu) were used as surface-coating ligands for ultrasmall holmium oxide (Ho2O3) nanoparticles. The synthesized PEI1200- and PEI60000-coated ultrasmall Ho2O3nanoparticles, with an average particle diameter of 2.05 and 1.90 nm, respectively, demonstrated low cellular cytotoxicities, good colloidal stability, and appreciable transverse water proton spin relaxivities (r2) of 13.1 and 9.9 s-1mM-1, respectively, in a 3.0 T MR field with negligible longitudinal water proton spin relaxivities (r1) (i.e., 0.1 s-1mM-1) for both samples. Consequently, for both samples, the dose-dependent contrast changes in the longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rate map images were negligible and appreciable, respectively, indicating their potential as efficient transverse T2 MRI contrast agents in vitro.
AB - Water proton spin relaxivities, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility of nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents depend on surface-coating ligands. In this study, hydrophilic and biocompatible polyethylenimines (PEIs) of different sizes (Mn = 1200 and 60,000 amu) were used as surface-coating ligands for ultrasmall holmium oxide (Ho2O3) nanoparticles. The synthesized PEI1200- and PEI60000-coated ultrasmall Ho2O3nanoparticles, with an average particle diameter of 2.05 and 1.90 nm, respectively, demonstrated low cellular cytotoxicities, good colloidal stability, and appreciable transverse water proton spin relaxivities (r2) of 13.1 and 9.9 s-1mM-1, respectively, in a 3.0 T MR field with negligible longitudinal water proton spin relaxivities (r1) (i.e., 0.1 s-1mM-1) for both samples. Consequently, for both samples, the dose-dependent contrast changes in the longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rate map images were negligible and appreciable, respectively, indicating their potential as efficient transverse T2 MRI contrast agents in vitro.
KW - cytotoxicity
KW - Ho2O3
KW - polyethylenimine coating
KW - relaxivity
KW - ultrasmall nanoparticle
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132158080&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/nano12091588
DO - 10.3390/nano12091588
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85132158080
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 12
JO - Nanomaterials
JF - Nanomaterials
IS - 9
M1 - 1588
ER -