Power Extraction Performance by a Hybrid Non-Sinusoidal Pitching Motion of an Oscillating Energy Harvester

This study proposes a hybrid pitching motion for oscillating flat plates aimed at augmenting the energy extraction efficiency of an energy harvester. The proposed hybrid pitching motion, within the first half cycle, integrates a non-sinusoidal movement starting at t/T = 0 and progressing to t/T = 0.25, with a sinusoidal movement initiating after t/T > 0.25 and continuing to t/T = 0.5. The second half of the cycle is symmetric to the first half but in the opposite direction. The calculated results show that the proposed hybrid pitching motion outperforms both the sinusoidal and the non-sinusoidal motions. The hybrid pitching motion merges the merits of both the sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal motions to optimize pitch angle variation. This integration is pivotal for enhancing the overall power output performance of an oscillating energy harvester characterized by momentum change that enhances the orientation of the heaving movement, smoother motion transitions, and consistent energy harvesting. The power generation is obtained at wing pitch angles of 55°, 65°, 70°, 75°, and 80° during a hybrid pitching motion. The proposed hybrid pitching motion, set at a pitch angle of 70°, achieves a maximum power output that exceeds the oscillating flat plate using a sinusoidal pitching motion by 16.0% at the same angle.