Predicting factor analysis of postoperative complications after robot-assisted radical cystectomy: Multicenter KORARC database study

Objectives: To evaluate postoperative complications following robot-assisted radical cystectomy in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer and reveal if there are predictors for postoperative complications. Methods: Prospectively collected medical records of 730 robot-assisted radical cystectomy patients between 2007/04 and 2019/05 in 13 tertiary referral centers were reviewed. Perioperative outcomes were compared between two groups by postoperative complications (complication vs non-complication). We assessed recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival between groups. Regression analyses were implemented to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. Results: Any total and high-grade complication (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3) rates were 57.8% and 21.1%, respectively. Patients in complication group had significantly higher proportion of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.048), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.011), dyslipidemia (P < 0.001), longer operation time (P = 0.001), more estimated blood loss (P = 0.001), and larger intraoperative fluid volume (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in cancer-specific survival (log-rank P = 0.038, median cancer-specific survival: both groups not reached). Dyslipidemia (odds ratio 2.59, P = 0.002) and intraoperative fluid volume (odds ratio 1.0002, P = 0.040) were significantly associated with high-grade postoperative complications. Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 1.97, P = 0.028), chronic kidney disease (odds ratio 1.89, P = 0.046), dyslipidemia (odds ratio 5.94, P = 0.007), and intraoperative fluid volume (odds ratio 1.0002, P = 0.009) were significantly associated with any postoperative complications. Conclusions: Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, or a relatively large intraoperatively infused fluid volume are more likely to develop postoperative complications. Patients with postoperative complications might have a possibility of lower cancer-specific survival rate.