Pullout resistance characteristics of chain type retaining system

In this study, we carried out several experiments and implemented three different types of pullout resistive bodies to conduct tests under identical conditions in order to examine the pullout resistance mechanism of chain reinforcement and the resistive elements. Furthermore, pullout resistance characteristics are studied based on laboratory and in-situ tests when steel bar and L-type steel angle are used as passive reinforcement. Comparing theoretical and measured values, the measured yield pullout force was 1.2 - 3 times greater than theoretical values depending on the reinforcement method or normal stress. The result indicates that the yield stress is greater for a higher normal stress, a longer chain and when passive reinforcement is combined. The difference was not significant between bar and L-type steel angle in terms of the increase of the yield pullout force.