Radiocarbon research on meltwater and carbon cycling in the polar oceans in a changing climate

Radiocarbon (¹⁴C) is a widely used tool with applications that transcend disciplinary boundaries, including the marine chemistry field. The development of ¹⁴C measurement techniques and icebreaking research vessels especially encourage and support polar research using ¹⁴C. Research examining ¹⁴C in polar oceans in the context of climate change has led to considerable insight into the marine carbon cycle. A comprehensive review of the principles, applications, progress, and challenges of ¹⁴C will undoubtedly advance related polar research. This review compiled available literature on ¹⁴C in the polar oceans and summarizes current progresses in carbon cycling, glacial and ice sheet dynamics, water circulation, and ventilation. The impact of warming induced melting sea ice and glaciers on marine biogeochemical cycles, future environmental challenges and research directions have also been summarized. The limitations of existing ¹⁴C research in polar regions can be addressed through well-designed and continuous investigation, data and sample sharing, and the development of state-of-the-art ¹⁴C measurement techniques.