TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent Progress of Potassium Metal Anodes
T2 - How to Regulate the Growth of Dendrite
AU - Baek, Seunghwi
AU - Jung, Taeksoo
AU - Jie, Sunghyun
AU - Kim, Myeongjin
AU - Lee, Byeongyong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Seunghwi Baek et al.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Potassium- (K-) based batteries with K metal anodes have been regarded as a substitute for lithium- (Li-) and sodium- (Na-) based batteries. In this review, motivations for K metal anodes with various advantages over Li and Na metals are presented at the beginning. Nevertheless, the practical applications of K metal anodes are still impeded by various challenges originating from their highly reactive nature. Then, major challenges of K metal are introduced in comparison with those of Li and Na metals, including unstable SEI, dendrite growth, low melting point, and gas generation. These issues become more severe in K metal due to its different physical and chemical properties compared with Li and Na metals. Consequently, this leads to varying electrochemical behaviors. In particular, the mechanism of K dendrite growths is different from that of Li and Na. Subsequently, approaches with an emphasis on the suppression of dendrites are described, falling into two categories: direct and indirect engineering on electrodes. Direct engineering is K metallic electrode designs by utilizing a host framework, alloy electrode, and interface modification. Notably, the most crucial aspect considered in direct engineering is the potassiophilicity of the host and interface, which contributes to the uniform deposition of K. The section on indirect engineering addresses the suppression of dendrite growth through separators and liquid/solid electrolytes. Finally, future perspectives and research directions toward the suppression of K dendrites are provided.
AB - Potassium- (K-) based batteries with K metal anodes have been regarded as a substitute for lithium- (Li-) and sodium- (Na-) based batteries. In this review, motivations for K metal anodes with various advantages over Li and Na metals are presented at the beginning. Nevertheless, the practical applications of K metal anodes are still impeded by various challenges originating from their highly reactive nature. Then, major challenges of K metal are introduced in comparison with those of Li and Na metals, including unstable SEI, dendrite growth, low melting point, and gas generation. These issues become more severe in K metal due to its different physical and chemical properties compared with Li and Na metals. Consequently, this leads to varying electrochemical behaviors. In particular, the mechanism of K dendrite growths is different from that of Li and Na. Subsequently, approaches with an emphasis on the suppression of dendrites are described, falling into two categories: direct and indirect engineering on electrodes. Direct engineering is K metallic electrode designs by utilizing a host framework, alloy electrode, and interface modification. Notably, the most crucial aspect considered in direct engineering is the potassiophilicity of the host and interface, which contributes to the uniform deposition of K. The section on indirect engineering addresses the suppression of dendrite growth through separators and liquid/solid electrolytes. Finally, future perspectives and research directions toward the suppression of K dendrites are provided.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85180531392&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1155/2023/6680001
DO - 10.1155/2023/6680001
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85180531392
SN - 0363-907X
VL - 2023
JO - International Journal of Energy Research
JF - International Journal of Energy Research
M1 - 6680001
ER -