TY - JOUR
T1 - Remediation of phenol contaminated soil using persulfate activated by ball-milled colloidal activated carbon
AU - Annamalai, Sivasankar
AU - Septian, Ardie
AU - Choi, Jiyeon
AU - Shin, Won Sik
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/5/15
Y1 - 2022/5/15
N2 - The degradation of phenolic compounds through persulfate (PS) activation is a valuable approach for soil/groundwater remediation. Several reports have been made related to PS activation and contaminant degradation using carbo-catalysts; however, there is no detailed study on soil remediation by colloidal activated carbon. This study demonstrates the phenol (PhOH) degradation efficiency in spiked and field-contaminated soils by a novel and low-cost ball-milled colloidal activated carbon (CACBM) catalyst. The CACBM/PS system exhibited outstanding degradation performance for PhOH in both spiked and field-contaminated soils. Optimum condition for degradation of 5.63 mmol PhOH kg soil−1 was achieved at 2.5 mg CACBM g soil−1, 5 mM PS, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 at 25 °C in the wide pH range of 3–11. Radical scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that both radical (•OH and SO4•–) and non-radical (1O2) species were involved in the CACBM/PS system. PhOH degradation in soil phase followed several degradation pathways, resulting in various intermediate byproducts such as acetic acid, maleic acid, p-benzoquinone, fumaric acid, and ferulic acid as analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy (UPLC−MS). The CACBM/PS system showed a promising potential in the remediation of organic-contaminated soil.
AB - The degradation of phenolic compounds through persulfate (PS) activation is a valuable approach for soil/groundwater remediation. Several reports have been made related to PS activation and contaminant degradation using carbo-catalysts; however, there is no detailed study on soil remediation by colloidal activated carbon. This study demonstrates the phenol (PhOH) degradation efficiency in spiked and field-contaminated soils by a novel and low-cost ball-milled colloidal activated carbon (CACBM) catalyst. The CACBM/PS system exhibited outstanding degradation performance for PhOH in both spiked and field-contaminated soils. Optimum condition for degradation of 5.63 mmol PhOH kg soil−1 was achieved at 2.5 mg CACBM g soil−1, 5 mM PS, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 at 25 °C in the wide pH range of 3–11. Radical scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that both radical (•OH and SO4•–) and non-radical (1O2) species were involved in the CACBM/PS system. PhOH degradation in soil phase followed several degradation pathways, resulting in various intermediate byproducts such as acetic acid, maleic acid, p-benzoquinone, fumaric acid, and ferulic acid as analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy (UPLC−MS). The CACBM/PS system showed a promising potential in the remediation of organic-contaminated soil.
KW - Advanced oxidation process
KW - Colloidal activated carbon
KW - Non-radical mechanism
KW - Oxidation kinetics
KW - Soil remediation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125112425&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114709
DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114709
M3 - Article
C2 - 35219205
AN - SCOPUS:85125112425
SN - 0301-4797
VL - 310
JO - Journal of Environmental Management
JF - Journal of Environmental Management
M1 - 114709
ER -