Retraction notice to “Bioremediations analysis using multifactorial porous materials derived from tea residue” [Environ. Res. 216P3 (2023) 114634] (Environmental Research (2023) 216(P3), (S0013935122019612), (10.1016/j.envres.2022.114634))

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor. Upon inspection, it was noted that the UV spectrum of TiO₂ does not resemble what is purported to be shown in figure 2 - typically, it does not exhibit a distinct peak at 358 nm. The Editor also felt that there were doubts about the authenticity of the FT-IR spectrum of TiO₂ Nanoparticles, Figure 3. Additionally, the EDX spectrum (Figure 4) shows signs of manipulation due to the reasons mentioned in PubPeer at https://pubpeer.com/publications/A7CF5DED8B48A46C3EC1DA7C453E70. Finally, the SEM image for this article (also Figure 4) is the same as what has been presented by the same corresponding author in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41 (2022) 3387–3394, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10520-1. However, for both articles, the EDX spectrum and particle size distribution are different. All of these observations represent serious concerns about the scientific integrity of the article. Consequently, the editor no longer has confidence in this paper and is retracting it.