Review of Integrated Battery and Water Electrolysis Systems: Advanced Energy Storage Solutions

Renewable energy has become essential worldwide for reducing carbon emissions, driving an increased demand for energy storage systems capable of managing the inherent intermittency and variability of renewable sources. To effectively balance supply and demand, these storage systems must con-vert and store generated energy across both daily and seasonal timescales. This review examines the potential of integrated battery and water electrolysis systems, known as battolysers, as advanced energy storage solutions to mitigate the challenges associated with renewable energy intermittency. Various battolyser configurations are explored, including vanadium-based redox flow batteries, manganese–zinc systems, and nickel-iron batteries, offering a comprehensive analysis of their mechanisms, designs, and performance metrics. This review underscores the potential of emerging hybrid energy storage systems for small-and large-scale grids, projecting improved efficiency and scalability for future energy applications.